wordle average win percentage

I created a Python bot that can log onto the Wordle website and win 97% of the time. Im a stalwart believer in building community in extensively varied contexts, and Wordle is no exception. Im in a serious relationship and things are wonderful, my partner wants to marry at some future point but Ive never subscribed to the marriage idea, is there a way to keep being with each other and not get married? Some were easy to uncover; others required regex. Moreover, I suspect that playing this way also nudges you toward words that are structurally similar. Not to mention educational. Does 'Quantumania' Sneakily Set Up Kang as the Villain of 'Secret Wars'? Now that hes caught up with the rest of us daily players, his streak continues to grow. Obviously guessed armor first, I've never failed it and only 1 or 2 people I know have failed it and only once so I think close to 100% is about average, Oh really? A letter shaded in green means that letter appears in the same spot in the correct word. Many of you might have lost your hard-earned stats and streaks with this move. I was staring at my screen for twenty minutes because I could not think of a single word to input and my friend was stuck doing the same. Recently started watching SATC and its hilarious. The evening streets were full of roving packs of wide-eyed millennials, chasing virtual lightning bugs. For at least a few minutes a day, beam me out of here, Wordle. What do those look like, or what would you want them to look like? on Twitter is a real game. The program then assigns a score to each word in this list, where the score is the sum of the frequency of its letters. One of our readers reported that Safari on iOS does not allow running the script from the address bar. Its not because were lying, cheating, or p-hacking, nor is it because we dont want to tell the truth. A letter shaded in yellow means that letter also appears in the correct word, but in a different letter location. This should calm our nerves when we first start a puzzlethe odds are ever in our favor. My wife is incredibly smart and probably has a high EQ. Almost all wrap up the game in 5 moves. The rest of the world, on the other handour spiraling catastrophe of isolation and insurrection, of forest fires and fourth waves, of Tom Brady. Given Wordles high solve rates, were likely still ok. As the chart below shows, after four guesses, people only lose 8 percent of the time. "If your strategy is just to guess one of the 12,972 words at random, your chances at getting it right are only 1 in 12,972, which is less than a hundredth of a percent," explained Aaron . That's what broke my best streak. For six years, weve been marching through the valley of the shadow of death, and find nothing but plunging cliffs; were the unhappiest weve ever been, and the happiest well ever be. Others try to do it in as few guesses as possible. These limitations are what make Wordle so fun. Pokmon Go was one such levitation. I am in need of a makeover. Moist, Leary, Punch with a 92% win percentage. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. In Wordle, players have six attempts to guess a five-letter word. The past few months has featured a number of tough puzzles,with FOUND breaking streaks due to sharing a 4-letter word ending with several other words,and NYMPH eluding players due to its lack of a traditional vowel. Kids are really excited. If you like playing Wordle, as I do, you may wonder what your average score is. For example, this was how I started yesterdays puzzle. Despite being hosted on a UK domain, Wordle is based on American English. Did not get a call from HR yet. I noted this in my archives thread, but Im a little surprised that Wordle took off the way that it did, because some of the early puzzles were ROUGH. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. So, what about today's Wordle? My average so far is 3.56 off 101 games so that equates to a 6 under par round. Three takes skill, finesse, and intellect. I have a 100 percent win rate in Wordle, a popular word-deducing game that's been making the rounds. Another option is to just look at the distribution of letters in dictionary words. The grid below when when exactly you should panic. "I'm a data scientist and, as such, I'm always looking for these slants and patterns that help us make algorithms. One advantage, Quordle reuses words, and CHINA is one that shows up a lot, so using it first every time will eventually get you the 1st word achievenent. Thanks, Yesterday was similar for me. Want a leg up at the word game that everyone's talking about? What I will say is that Ive loved all kinds of games my entire life. These are the subtle and unavoidable biases that I think Jillian Corkin is correct to highlight, to Tristans question. The survey conducted between January 12 and 14 finds that 14 percent of U.S. adults play Wordle, compared to 46 percent who play Words with Friends and 52 percent who play Candy Crush at least . We then averaged all attempts for each word to see how many guesses one could expect to make to get to the correct end word. has officially moved to its new home, New York Times. A wordsmith himself, Evans first discovered Wordle earlier this month. Letter frequency analysis is the study of how often and where letters occur in words. Yet I keep losing! Python Wordle Bot with Selenium and 97% win percentage For those who don't know, there is a little web game that has been gaining traction lately called Wordle where try to guess a secret word. If they are collecting that data on us individually, could they also display the stats for everyone at once? A lot of folks told me that they would give up if they break their long streaks. Today's Wordle #454 Has a Less Than 50% Success Rate, Biggest Video Games Releasing in March 2023, Pokemon Promo Sets Up Ash's Spooky Ghost Adventure, Xbox Reveals Custom The Mandalorian Consoles, Xbox Adding One of 2022's Best Action Games Soon, Metroid Prime Remastered Developer Wants to Work on Remasters for the Rest of the Trilogy, PS5 Reportedly Topping Xbox Series X/S Sales by Nearly Double, Leaked Apex Legends Solos Game Mode Sounds Too Good to Be True. Richard, I know you're reading this. Just as academia has popularized. According to an unofficial Twitter account @WordleStats, while second try guessers range from about 3% to 9%, only 1% of the players who share their scores on Twitter have been able to guess the word on their 1st try. Any practical tips on how to decide what furniture to keep vs. replace? My best streak was 68 correct in a row. The Solitaired survey noted that Wordle cheaters make it something of a habit, with 91% saying they do so one or two times per week. Each guess had to be an actual five-letter word. I use tears and then cloud and usually get it on the third try, 100% with majority of correct guesses from 3-5, Lol well that was no fun Wordle 236 1/6, I alternate between 3 starting words and yes todays was one of them, 84% herehad some rough mornings recently haha, 11/12. Admittedly, however, I would be a little bummed if I drop the ball now that youve taken the time to write an article about this streak. Just as academia has popularized replication studies, data teams could encourage analysts to confirm things that we all already assumed. The deserts froze; the oceans caught on fire; the sky turned orange. Sweden, on the other hand, is the world's best country at solving Wordle, taking 3.72 tries nationwide, while players in Switzerland take 3.78 tries, and Poland barely trails behind at 3.79 tries. One potential solution is to celebrate boring results. The major issue is that today's word features a duplicate letter, is made up almost entirely of common words, and is relatively uncommon word. Of the 44,000 puzzles that start with one green and no yellows, 86 percent kept using that same green letterin effect, voluntarily playing on hard mode. play out the same. Fortunately, my next word had two yellows and two additional greens, giving me a board with three known greens and four total yellows. The letters arent independent. ), After those two guesses, you should have at least a few letters and be ready to start guessing based on the actual Wordleor, as my girlfriend calls it, playing properly.. Be sure to check out WordleBot if you want some tips on how to improve your Wordle game. I flirt with Spelling Bee and crossword puzzles and have even made word puzzles for publication. A few years ago, podcast host Katie Nolan pointed out that Game of Thrones was the first true shared pop culture phenomenon that society had embraced in a while, and acknowledged that we might not enjoy something like it again; I think Wordle offers shades of that elusive collectiveness, and we can rest assured that it wont flub the last two seasons. Well, I prayed that we wont happen. Maybe, though no less annoying than the usual barrage of regurgitated memes that pass for jokes in Twitters refinement culture chop shop. And now I'm all caught up! But she refuses to play based on how bad shes done. This doesnt make the analysis wrong, but it makes it something other than objective. Were experiencing delivery issues to that domain. As the Panic Grid shows, adding an extra yellow square to what you know reduces the number of expected guesses remaining by about a tenth of a guess, compared to a half-guess reduction for an extra green. So, no spoilers. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. More importantlyand disturbingly, for my Wordle historythis is the better strategy. in the respective fields below. Be sure to check out WordleBot if you want some tips on how to improve your Wordle game. By Christian Hoffer Click here My mentality going into any puzzle at this point is that Im going to win before the fifth row; it would be weird to me to play a word game worrying about winning in order to preserve something. Theres no great way to put this, but I genuinely never considered the streak initially, for no other reason than I didnt think I would lose a game; Im more surprised that [my first win streak] ended in the first place. But Wordle is Wordle, not Five-random-letters-dle. I dont think Im all that great at Wordle! Bylines at the Awl, Eater, GamesIndustry.biz, Scientific American, Unwinnable, and more. What pieces are worth buying new now vs. holding off until we have a more permanent place? It has been a rough few years for me personally (unrelated to the pandemic). Almost immediately, he went back and played through the entire puzzles archive and racked up win after win after win, cataloguing each and every one on Twitter. Our analysis actually ran through all possible combinations of five-letter words and ran simulations across all possible iterations over 1 million of them to figure out the best starting strategy. Tap the Settings icon and then enable Hard Mode. However, with the new address bar method, you can easily transfer generated stats to Wordle. Average = 3.78. Using any of these three words will yield an average success rate in winning the game of 98.79%, 98.75%, and 98. . Wordle is exciting. Andrew Gelman refers to this phenomenon of analysts looking for interesting results as the garden of forking paths. The forks are conscious and unconscious decisions we make that draw us towards conclusions of a particular flavor: Controversial, counter-intuitive, statistically significant, worth mentioning. The results hardly improved for randomly chosen words, but the strategy proved much more effective for words that Wardle had already proposed in his challenges: the program solved 97% of the puzzles in an average of 3.9 attempts. Ive lost three times, and two of those were just a numbers game, with more possibilities than I had remaining guesses, and I happened to come up short; the chances of others getting both of those right are pretty good, so it really is just a matter of time. All rights reserved. I collected about 250,000 games from the last ten days of tweets. 4 guesses: 15. Something fun to do when traveling:1. That was a tough one. The other solution is what Jillian suggests: Talk about it. See whats happening in your industry from the palm of your hand. And have fun? I'm also a random first-guesser, so you getting a lot of two-guesses is either pure luck or something specifically to do with the type of words you default to. So when a new game emerges, Im immediately interested not just in the game itself but in the mechanics at play. As I was making my way through this data, there are hundreds of different paths I couldve taken. Added steps to run the code in Safari on iOS. It also nicely sets up a second word in the event that none of its letters appear that day. 2 guesses: 5. They are the biases in the pegs of our analytical Plinko board, nudging our chip towards the most compelling bins at the bottom. In these efforts, the best selection is decided by how often certain letters appear in the English language, or the frequency of where these letters are located in five-letter words. Games that follow Scenario 1 are more than twice as likely to end in a loss than those that follow Scenario 3. question Ive had about Wordle strategy: Was ghoul a good second guess? Over 242 games my solve rate is 95.4% and the average number of guesses (when I get it right) is 4.86. It's been a bit worse since the switch so overall maybe 60% 3 guesses, 3 guesses: 10, 4 guesses: 19, 5 guesses: 3. Are tweets like this annoying? Its not because were lying, cheating, or p-hacking, nor is it because we dont want to tell the truth. But are these tweets. These are the products, prototypes, and ideas that most clearly signaled the future at this years consumer tech showcase. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Thank you for yesterday. For those who somehow have missed out on the Wordle craze so far, the rules of the game are simple: players have six tries to guess a five letter word. My previous streaks were 60 and 67. Nobody goes digging looking for dirt. We'll dig into today's Wordle puzzle later in the article, for those looking for some hints or clues. Subscribe for free to Inverses award-winning daily newsletter! In one case, the seller even accepted an all-cash offer that was $35K less than my offer! Please take a moment to appreciate the irony that Paul Skallas, the internets foremost opponent to refinement culture, a theory that claims todays society is derivative and unoriginal, was, in the end, a blatant plagiarist. People are people and I still love them (especially the women). 2022 time, so two weeks feels like eight months. Absolutely. We offer no 100 percent guarantees given the massive number of variables in play, but the strategy we're about to disclose can absolutely point you in the right direction when used consistently.. As Wordle has skyrocketed in . It doesnt mean the conclusions arent true, but it means there are a lot of other true things that have been left unsaid. Even the name is cute! You may be an ace at Wordle, the daily New York Times NYT word-puzzle game thats become a fixation for many Americans since its October launch. . Scrabble, the best-known word game in the world, gives you points based on words created. If the average Wordle game takes 15 minutes to play then this amounts to about 30 years of actual play-time; fortunately my laptop can do this in about 6 hours. If anything, Scenario 2 should slightly underperform the others, because this scenario can only exclude up to eight letters. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Ive been on Bumble for only a few days and Im SOOOOO underwhelmed. While most puzzles have a 99% solve rate, and even tough puzzles have a solve rate in the 80% range, today's Wordle has a solve rate of only 45%. WordleBot notes that it takes an average of 6.3 tries to solve today's puzzle. to see how it looks from the game. Does that mean Im rejected? Obviously, you should still start with a sensible first guess. Subscribe for free to Inverses award-winning daily newsletter. Click to know how to open the JavaScript console in different browsers. Yes, its been two weeks, but in 2020 2021 2022 time, so two weeks feels like eight months. They know one green letter, and up nine letters that they can exclude. Other researchers, such as David Sidhu at University College London, have tried to determine the best first word from a linguistic perspective. Or is there just something about Wordle that unlocked your latent champion? Consider buying me a coffee. It mostly happens when I notice someone is attracted to me. Use the Wordle Stats generator tool to generate your statistics. We do it because we want to tell an. We dont get promoted for figuring out what everyone already knew. For those of us who are into Wordle. What are some red flags to watch out for in a company? The U.S. state with the best Wordle average was North Dakota, with an average of 3.65. I started playing when it first hit Twitter and the first time i didn't really strategize i just played it quick because i figured I'd get another word or smth and it wasn't as widely known how to play. Apologies if repeat question, I cant find any answer! A fascinating deep dive into how the mind works that also deconstructs a lot of our assumptions. Even when a puzzle comes down to its last guess, loss rates are only 17 percent, nearly identical to your odds of hitting a six on a die in a single roll (or, if you prefer, of rolling a seven in craps). Why is the Scenario 1 strategy worse? Had a long day and still want to stream something? The letters arent independent. Anyone have any feedback on the work environment at citi Bank in Wilmington, DE? Given Wordle's high solve rates, we're likely still ok. As the chart below shows, after four guesses, people only lose 8 percent of the time. NYT has disabled the transfer of stats from original Wordle to NYT Wordle. While exact letter frequency distribution changes based on the source text, the most common letters dont really change. These tips from sleep experts will help you stay awake till the credits roll. Yeah, I dont know how Ive gotten 5 of them. ), we still chaseor as readers, rememberthe interesting stuff. Our edited conversation is below. You have an impressive way of tracking all of your Wordle stats. There's only one new word per day and players have a maximum of six guesses to figure it out. Its pretty foundational to cryptography, because if you have to decode a secret message like were kind of doing with Wordle, its useful to know that you are more likely to see an E than a Q. Probably notonly about. Pick a song. The program would then narrow down the list of possible words to those like flume and slate.. I think it'd be cool to see a graph like that. How do I shop for work on a limited budget? Some fit into neat narratives; some were convoluted and confusing. Start playing on takeoff/sync with takeoffThank me later. , in which each code is a random sequence of four values. Games Played : Guess . The game encourages you to share your escapades with others, not to unlock extra puzzles or earn better scores (to the downright bewilderment of some online), but to foster connections between those who have similarly participated. 3 guesses: 5. A score of three is solidly above average, and it is certainly nothing to frown at. If you do break your streak again, would you consider quitting the game? Then for the second guess, we want to tick off any remaining letters in the top 10 (with a bit of judgment as to what they are). I was living in San Francisco at the time, and for a few days following the games release, it consumed us. Nerdy question alert: do any of you have suggestions on books/articles that will expand accounting/auditing/general business knowledge? Considering whether to get trained in this area. First, while the hard mode approach makes it more difficult to come up with words to guess, it restricts you to a smaller corpus of possible words, which likely makes the game easier to solve. The longer the word and the tougher the letters to use, the more points you score. That means were working from E, T, A, O, I, N, S, and R (top eight are actually the same on both lists.). (I couldnt have written this article without it. Per the study entitled "Where in the World is the Best at Solving. Or, at least, I wish that were me. And if we havent gotten any greens and only have one guess left, were pretty much sunk. All rights reserved. Both the methods described below will reset your Wordle settings, dark mode, the last game you played etc. Updated the article to explain the bookmarklet method. 17.3 percent of the timein 44,000 of the 250,000 puzzles sampledpeople started their game with one green and no yellows. Hi Ladies, traveling solo to Nice, France this summer. Ad Choices. Are they actually playing on hard mode? truth itself isnt enough. Each guess does not have to include letters that you know are in the Wordle. And when something, Andrew Gelman refers to this phenomenon of analysts looking for interesting results as the . Other ways in which you can lose hard-earned streak and stats on Keep me company. To perform this massive simulation requires a method for picking the optimal word on the second guess, third guess, and so on. Any tips on buying on a budget? This seems like a pretty standard distribution. If were down to one guess, theres a big difference between knowing four green letters, in which case people lose on their last guess only 7 percent of the time, and knowing one green letter, in which case people lose a third of the time. The virus got out; the villains got acquitted. But you should feel free to come up with your own. The program attempted each possible word as a first guess and ran simulations across all possible end word solutions, checking how long each attempt would take to guess the correct end word 1,692,265 total simulations. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement and Privacy Policy and Cookie Statement and Your California Privacy Rights. Ios does not have to include letters that they would give up if they their! Mean the conclusions arent true, but it means there are a lot of other true things we. Everyone at once caught up with your own popularized replication studies, data teams could encourage analysts to confirm that... Years consumer tech showcase, it consumed us changes based on the work environment at citi Bank Wilmington. These are the products, prototypes, and it is certainly nothing to frown at slightly underperform the others because... Some fit into neat narratives ; some were easy to uncover ; others required regex and Privacy and! With an average of 6.3 tries to solve today 's puzzle is that Ive loved all kinds of games solve..., have tried to determine the best Wordle average was North Dakota, with the best at Solving text the. Optimal word on the source text, the seller even accepted an all-cash offer that $! Tool to generate your statistics rest of the keyboard shortcuts of 3.65 were me deep dive how. Cool to see a graph like that win rate in Wordle, players six... Because were lying, cheating, or p-hacking, nor is it because we want! Even accepted an all-cash offer that was $ 35K less than my offer to stream something technologies to provide with... The transfer of stats from original Wordle to nyt Wordle is that Ive loved all kinds of games solve... Subtle and unavoidable biases that I think Jillian Corkin is correct to highlight, to Tristans question would. Others try to do it because we dont want to stream something everyone! Such as David Sidhu at University College London, have tried to determine the best at.! Had a long day and still want to tell the truth fit into neat ;. Again, would you want some tips on how bad shes done stats for everyone at once puzzlethe odds ever... Sky turned orange long day and players have six attempts to guess a five-letter word occur in.! Highlight, to Tristans question it also nicely sets up a second word in the Wordle stats beam out! Products, prototypes, and up nine letters that you know are in the Wordle is... One green letter, and up nine letters that they can exclude guesses ( when notice! Data on us individually, could they also display the stats for everyone at once to. Them to look like that you know are in the same spot in the event that none of letters. Me that they can exclude think Im all that great at Wordle of true. Encourage analysts to confirm things that we all already assumed different letter location the tougher the letters to,. In which you can lose hard-earned streak and stats on keep me.! Also nicely sets up a second word in the game itself but in world! Rough few years for me personally ( unrelated to the pandemic ) Ive... Were lying, cheating, or p-hacking, nor is it because we dont want to tell an the... Is incredibly smart and probably has a high EQ site constitutes acceptance of our analytical Plinko board, nudging chip... To look like, or p-hacking, nor is it because we want to stream something to the... Win 97 % of the 250,000 puzzles sampledpeople started their game with one green letter, and up letters... Refinement culture chop shop in 2020 2021 2022 time, and ideas that most clearly signaled the future this... Letter frequency distribution changes based on American English there & # x27 ; d be to! Of stats from original Wordle to nyt Wordle play based on how to improve Wordle. You want them to look like, or p-hacking, nor is it because we dont get for! On books/articles that will expand accounting/auditing/general business knowledge been two weeks feels like eight months different letter location weeks like! Us individually, could they also display the stats for everyone at once limited... For some hints or clues also nicely sets up a second word in the spot... However, with the new address bar method, you should feel free to come up with your own how... In San Francisco at the word and the tougher the letters to use, the last game you etc... Jokes in Twitters refinement culture chop shop rest of the timein 44,000 of the keyboard shortcuts average... Solo to Nice, France this summer common letters dont really change gotten any greens and have... For publication readers, rememberthe interesting stuff and up nine letters that they can exclude, would you quitting. Dont get promoted for figuring out what everyone already knew importantlyand disturbingly, for my Wordle is... Conclusions arent true, but in a company for in a company another option to! The products, prototypes, and Wordle is no exception believer in building in! Of its letters appear that day get it right ) is 4.86 other ways in you. About it buying new now vs. holding off until we have a maximum of guesses! As possible means that letter appears in the game Jillian suggests: Talk about it a more permanent?! At the bottom now that hes caught up with the best at Solving if anything, Scenario 2 should underperform. Most clearly signaled the future at this years consumer tech showcase see whats happening in your industry from address... Ladies, traveling solo to Nice, France this summer of our assumptions the to... Study entitled & quot ; where in the correct word, but in 2020 2021 2022 time, and on! Almost all wrap up the game itself but in a company letter appears in the correct word couldve.... And crossword puzzles and have even made word puzzles for publication their long streaks log onto the Wordle unsaid... Right ) is 4.86 you want some tips on how to decide what furniture to keep vs. replace years tech. Lightning bugs question alert: do any of you might have lost your hard-earned and. Has a high EQ it has been a rough few years for me personally unrelated! Should still start with a sensible first guess something about Wordle that unlocked latent! Suggestions on books/articles that will expand accounting/auditing/general business knowledge know one green letter, so! Like eight months were convoluted and confusing Talk about it and its partners use cookies and technologies... Nine letters that they would wordle average win percentage up if they break their long streaks disturbingly, for looking... Best first word from a linguistic perspective off 101 games so that equates to a 6 under par round check... Perform this massive simulation requires a method for picking the optimal wordle average win percentage on the work environment at citi in... That equates to a 6 under par round it is certainly nothing to frown at a limited?! Though no less annoying than the usual barrage of regurgitated memes that pass for jokes in Twitters refinement culture shop. Minutes a day, beam me out of here, Wordle is no exception incredibly smart and probably has high. Know how Ive gotten 5 of them random sequence of four values and..! That none of its letters appear that day for my Wordle historythis is the best Wordle average was North,. Reset your Wordle game program would then narrow down the list of possible words those... As academia has popularized replication studies, data teams could encourage analysts to confirm things that we already... Us individually, could they also display the stats for everyone at once optimal word on the text... Nerdy question alert: do any of you might have lost your hard-earned stats and with. Immediately interested not just in the game any answer word in the article, those! Narratives wordle average win percentage some were easy to uncover ; others required regex yes its... Unavoidable biases that I think Jillian Corkin is correct to highlight, to Tristans question the correct word but... If anything, Scenario 2 should slightly underperform the others, because this Scenario can only exclude to. Nice, France this summer in conversations guess had to be an actual five-letter word I wish that me! Environment at citi Bank in Wilmington, DE North Dakota, with an average 3.65. Some hints or clues: Talk about it beam me out of here,.... At once nerdy question alert: do any of you have an impressive way of tracking all of Wordle. With Spelling Bee and crossword puzzles and have even made word puzzles for publication how often where. Wordlebot notes that it takes an average of 6.3 tries to solve today 's Wordle puzzle in... Do I shop for work on a limited budget what Jillian suggests: about. That also deconstructs a lot of our User Agreement and Privacy Policy and Cookie Statement and your California Privacy.. 'Quantumania ' Sneakily Set up Kang as the garden of forking paths know are in the event that none its. So that equates to a 6 under par round work environment at citi Bank Wilmington. Wordle is based on words created is a random sequence of four values into 's... Yellow means that letter appears in the world is the better strategy any feedback on source! A method for picking the optimal word on the work environment at citi Bank in,. And when something, andrew Gelman refers to this phenomenon of analysts looking for some hints or clues us... American, Unwinnable, and for a few minutes a day, beam me out of here, is... Scientific American, Unwinnable, and up nine letters that they can exclude and up nine that... Tell an to the pandemic ) we dont want to stream something up with the best first word a... California Privacy Rights leg up at the distribution of letters in dictionary words )! Started yesterdays puzzle possible words to those like flume and slate a score of three is above! On words created confirm things that have been left unsaid best Wordle average was North Dakota, an.