This controller invites other users to contribute to the data in the app. How might we build an experience like this? uses Record Zone Sharing to share managed objects. Also, the service itself must protect against a range of potential issues, such as unauthorized requests, conflicting changes, and the like. I've already modified it to support sharing posts, I'm going to start by launching my application, and tapping this plus(+) sign in the upper-right corner, I'll give it a simple title-- "Sharing demos are great"--. I'm Nick Gillett, an engineer here at Apple, I'll show you how to easily build applications. The app designer is always in the best position to define rules for these situations, which can include everything from context-aware automatic merging to user-directed resolution instructions. Now that youve made your record queryable, click Records under the Data section. Also, it may be desirable to provide some UI indication of CloudKit availability, sync status, and of course, error conditions that dont have a satisfactory internal resolution. It is important to be aware that when a share recipient accepts a share they are actually receiving a reference to the original record in the owners private database. Theres no huge harm in setting it, but Apple recommends making an effort to avoid this since it wastes network and server resources. all of the shared objects into the local store. I've already modified it to support sharing posts with different iCloud users. First, we'll discuss what sharing means with NSPersistentCloudKitContainer and how that affects the types of experiences you can build. As you prepare to present your CloudSharingView, you need this property because the second parameter of CloudSharingView is a CKContainer. So let's look at how I've changed my application to communicate these states and privileges. Here in Xcode, I've opened our sample application, Syncing a Core Data Store with the Cloud. When the app comes up, youll notice the shared journal entry doesnt show up. Join our team. There are two ways to share data via CloudKit: record sharing and zone sharing. Basic CloudKit Setup CloudKit organizes data via a hierarchy of classes: CKContainer, CKDatabase, CKRecordZone, and CKRecord. And be sure to let us know if you run into any issues by filing bugs with Feedback Assistant. Likewise, you can't choose to unencrypt a field that is already encrypted. Our users need all of that information so that they can make good decisions about the objects they choose to share. More advanced cases can use SQLite, or the equivalent, as a shadow database for offline redundancy purposes. Note that, in my example application, this conflict resolution step happens in the CloudKitNote class, described later. every time I want to verify a change to the table view, and trying to do so would add a lot of friction, makes it easy and fast to test different configurations. Each participant will also have their own collection of devices. For example, this user may have a private zone. Photos shared albums create a shared collection of images that other users can view and, if desired, contribute to. For SQLite-backed stores, Core Data provided ubiquitous persistent storage. Theres also a share action that does nothing now. This is a cute trick in Swift that allows me to simply check. When the user accepts the share, the corresponding app is launched and passed metadata relating to the shared record so that the record can be fetched and displayed. I regularly work with when I'm building sharing features. Last modified on 10 November 2016, at 04:29, An Introduction to CloudKit Data Storage on iOS 10. When you ask CloudKit to save the record, this is where you may have to handle a conflict due to another client updating the record since the last time you fetched it. However, a limitation of this was that you couldnt easily share your data with other people to contribute to it. And more importantly, how would such an experience change the applications we build? If I tap on it, I can also see the participants, displayed at the bottom of the detail view controller. was to be able to accept share invitations. Updating NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to Prepare for Share, Displaying Private Data Versus Shared Data. about the CKShare a specific post resides in. The first change I had to make was to tell NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to mirror the .shared CloudKit database to a new persistent store. Select Private Database. It has a wide variety of actions I can take, including a number of ways to share. For apps that are targeted to Apples user base, however, it provides a deeply powerful mechanism for user authentication and data synchronization. Select your desired delivery method and send the invitation. Thankfully, CloudKit is explicitly designed to handle this condition. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. To achieve this, iOS 15 introduces share(_:to:). Loading a note is very straightforward. Of course, this could result in yet another conflict (if another update came in between), but then you just repeat the process until you get a successful result. To help navigate some of this complexity you can extend CKError with a few helper methods. Enter a topic above and jump straight to the good stuff. It's called the SharingProvider. If youre the owner of the shared data, you can stop sharing this data anytime. You can read and write records, query for records that match a set of criteria, and (most importantly) receive notification of changes to any of the above. Photos supports another option for sharing: Photos shared albums create a shared collection of images. You could use the recordId for this. Go to the first device you created the share from, because you need to be the Owner to access the Share Options. Back in CoreDataStack.swift, add the following extension: This extension contains the code related to sharing. I did this by modifying the CoreDataStack, adding a new persistent store description-- here just a copy of the one for the .private store with a different URL. CloudKit provides a variety of features for data storage, synchronization, and sharing, and can be used to build data-driven applications that require a cloud-based backend. how to share data between devices using CloudKit databases and the UIKit framework. Modern mobile application development requires a well thought-out plan for keeping user data in sync across various devices. Instead of invoking methods on NSPersistentCloudKitContainer directly, I built a protocol that exposes a specific method for each customization I needed. that other users can view and, if desired, contribute to. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer automatically syncs. The goal is to fetch the associated CKShare for that object whenever the detail view appears. The Note will be stored as a single CKRecord with text, modified (DateTime), and version fields. A record? Add a destination. You can download the completed project files by clicking the Download Materials button at the top or bottom of the tutorial. A user of an app could, for example, make one or more records accessible to other users so that they can view and, optionally, modify the record. Download iOS 15.0+ iPadOS 15.0+ Xcode 13.4+ watchOS 8.0+ Overview More and more people own multiple devices and use them to share digital assets or to collaborate for work. Two separate iCloud accounts To initiate the sharing process. into instances of CKRecord that are stored in CloudKit. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer manages these zones and automatically assigns records to them. They build on Apples notification infrastructure to allow various clients to get push notifications when certain CloudKit changes occur. I am not going to get very fancy in my example; I am using the modified field to declare that the most recent update wins. CloudKit: For managing structured data and sharing data among users. Sharing CloudKit Data with Other iCloud Users Create and share private CloudKit data with other users by implementing the sharing UI. For app developers, the situation was even worse. Sharing CKAssets between users with CloudKit? Does Cast a Spell make you a spellcaster? To change the permissions and access to this data, Apple has done all the heavy lifting for you. Next, I configure an instance of the BlockBasedShareProvider, a class written specifically for testing, which allows me to trivially inject custom logic into the sharingProvider the MainViewController uses. Below the Data section, click Records. I left off the scaffolding for creating the sample data, but the test crafts a mixed set of managed objects that it identifies as shared or not shared by the presence of their objectID in this set. CloudKit sharing involves the creation of CKShare objects initialized with the record to be shared. After you have logged into the console, open CloudKit Database. Over 300 content creators. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer typically manages a private zone. Then just create a deplink that includes that unique identifier. Swift, Android, Kotlin, Flutter, Dart, Server-Side Swift, Unity, and more! This new payload on CKRecord allows values, These values are decrypted locally on device. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer turns those managed objects into instances of CKRecord that are stored in CloudKit. Looking for something specific? Let's imagine I have a collection of people I want to share with. Swift 5.6 | iOS 15 | Xcode 13 Table of Contents We can see here that Jermaine is the owner. Build and run. Lets look now at a layer built on top of that to manage these operations in the context of a specific Note. At the top of your screen, select the dropdown menu and click the container you created from Xcode earlier. Can users edit their own private data in CloudKit. If I'm allowed to, I can add records that I own to any of those zones just as they can in the zones that I own. I can send it to my friends as an iMessage or email. It might make more sense for CKAsset, but for now Apple hasn't added the capability. This is achieved by a call to the preparationCompletionHandler method that was passed to the completion handler. my application can access data in both stores. Also, CloudKit provides a specific record type for large binary objects. A paid developer account To use CloudKit. So I'll change the share options to mark the share as View Only. At least one real device To send and accept share invitation(s). NSPersistentCloudKitContainer manages these zones. After the share is accepted, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer automatically syncs all of the shared objects into the local store. To achieve this, youll implement fetchShares(matching:). Build and run again. When I tap Next, I can see my new album with the photo I shared. The CloudSharingView has three properties: In makeUIViewController(context:), the following actions occur. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. And I'd like to show you one specific call site in the MainViewController, where I needed to know whether or not an object is shared. Every app automatically gets a default CKContainer, and a group of apps can share a custom CKContainer if permission settings allow. Unlike iCloud, CloudKit does have the option to have public data available to anyone who uses the app. Both the CKShare and associated CKRecord object are then saved to the private database. Add the following modifier to the Button: The edit button is now disabled, unless you have read/write permissions for this data. Let's look at that change in a bit more detail. At this point, if you shared the invitation via text message, open Messages and tap the invitation. I and, if allowed, other participants can add and modify records in these shared zones. The following code, for example, fetches the record associated with a CloudKit share: Once the record has been fetched it can be presented to the user, taking necessary steps as above to perform any user interface updates asynchronously on the main thread. Checks whether the object is shared. a number of API methods to align with each of these concerns. Otherwise, use fetchShares(matching:) to see if you have objects matching the objectID in question. With a free Kodeco account you can download source code, track your progress, Likewise, I can't swipe to delete this post, and if I put the table view in editing mode. Apple has been adding data sharing into many of its first-party apps, including: Files Reminders Notes Calendar Photos Activities Find My Maps Music Health Have a question? The first step is to implement the UIKit scene delegate method windowScene(_:userDidAcceptCloudKitShareWith:). If theres no error, the title of the share is set. The first is the notion of a set of actors. In my .private database, I would see records and zones that I own whether or not those zones are shared. The reason to run on a device is to send an invitation to the second iCloud account. At WWDC 2021, Apple introduced a way for you to share your data with other iCloud users and invite them to contribute to your apps data. Tap Next, I would see records and zones that I own whether or not those zones shared. Manages these zones and automatically assigns records to them a protocol that exposes a specific Note fetchShares ( matching ). Nick Gillett, an Introduction to CloudKit data storage on iOS 10 is notion! Go to the first change I had to make was to tell NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to prepare for share, Displaying data... Methods on NSPersistentCloudKitContainer directly, I would see records and zones that I whether. Into any issues by filing bugs with Feedback Assistant 'm building sharing features example application this! 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