Cross-braces of the proper length must be used to ensure that the scaffold will remain plumb and rigid. Scaffold platforms above one section high must be provided with safe access. 4 feet A scaffold is a temporary structure erected to support access or working platforms. b. Employees doing overhand bricklaying from a supported scaffold must be protected by a guardrail or personal fall arrest system on all sides except the side where the work is being done. Scaffolding eTool Home General Requirements Suspended Scaffolds Supported Scaffolds Scissor Lifts Aerial Lifts All Types Scaffolding General Requirements for Scaffolds [ 29 CFR 1926.451] Capacity What are the capacity requirements for all scaffolds? Scaffolding must not be placed on unstable objects, such as bricks or blocks. There were no guardrails at the working level. safety@uchicago.edu, The University of Chicago Environmental Health and Safety, University of Chicago Accident Incident Reporting (UCAIR) System, Disabilities Self-Identification Questionnaire, Accident Incident Reporting and Investigation Program, Institutional Roles and Responsibilities for Safety Culture, Temporary Stairways, Ladders and Portable Ladders, Temporary Structures, Grandstands, or Buildings, Two-Point Adjustable Suspension Scaffolds. Giovanni arrives at a jobsite as part of a team contracted to repair ductwork. 1926.451(e)(1) . tools, scrap material, chemicals, snow, ice, etc.) \end{array} Cross bracing is not acceptable as an entire guardrail system but is acceptable for a toprail when the crossing point of the two braces is between 38 inches (0.9 meters) and 48 inches (1.3 meters) above the work platform and for midrails when between 20 inches (0.5 meters) and 30 inches (0.8 meters) above the work platform. 2.Rubber Select the correct answer and then click DONE. A scaffold users responsibilities include (but are not limited to): Scaffold planning, erection, and use require different levels of training. After clicking the button, the questions you missed will be listed below. 7. In its simplest form, a scaffold is any temporary elevated or suspended work surface used to support workers and/or materials. The spaces between platforms cannot exceed one inch. All scaffolds and their components must support without failure its own weight and at least four times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to the scaffold. Check to make sure scaffold components made of dissimilar metals are not used together, unless a competent person has determined that galvanic action will not reduce the strength, through corrosion, of any component below OSHA standards. 8 inches The footing of scaffolding must be sound and rigid, capable of supporting the weight. 10, 15 Only authorized scaffold erectors can erect scaffolds on campus. 5. The work area for each scaffold platform and walkway must be at least 18 inches (46 centimeters) wide. 5.Oxygen deficiencies, When should a personal fall arrest system be inspected? Maximum intended load and load-carrying capacities of scaffolds used. 4.Use tow lines to raise or lower tools and equipment. When erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds, a safe means of access shall be provided when a competent person has determined the feasibility and analyzed the site conditions. OSHA has standards that apply specifically to the steps that must be taken to assure a stable scaffold base. Princeton, NJ 08540ehs@princeton.edu609-258-5294, 2023 The Trustees of Princeton University, Office of Environmental Health and Safety, Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment, Laboratory Access and Training Recommendations, Laboratory Equipment and Engineering Controls, SHIELD - Safety, Health, Inspection and Equipment Logistics Database, Administration of Biological and Chemical Hazards to Animals, Medical Clearance and Safety Training For Animal Researchers, Recombinant and Synthetic Nucleic Acid Molecules, Shipping and Receiving Biological Material, X-Ray Machines & Other Radiation-Producing Equipment, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for Construction, Specific Requirements of Welded Frame and Suspended Scaffolds. b.One continuous mudsill under both legs \text { Web, and get directions } Scaffolding in this Guide means the individual components, for example tubes, couplers The height of the scaffold in relation to the minimum base width, wind loads, the use of brackets or cantilevered platforms and imposed scaffold load determines the need for stability bracing. The scaffold was not secured to wooden footing supports, nor was it tied to the building. Scaffolds are commonly used in construction work so workers have a safe, stable work platform when work cannot be done at ground level or on a finished floor. Do not use unstable objects such as loose bricks, blocks of wood or concrete to shore up the uneven surface. What should you do before dismantling a scaffold? Make sure wooden planking is covered with opaque finishes, except that platform edges may be marked for identification. ). 4.Wear face masks. Scaffolds must be erected, dismantled, or moved only by properly trained workers under the supervision of a competent person. What should be Jayden's next step? When the other end of the 2x4 slipped off the bucket, the employee did not let go of his end, and was pulled off the deck. a.Steel-toed boots Note: Except where indicated, the same basic scaffold requirements that appear in this module also apply to manually propelled, pump jack, ladder jack, tube and coupler, and pole scaffolds, as well as the specialty scaffolds described in this course. Tiebacks must be secured to a structurally sound anchorage on the building or structure. For a scaffold to be safe, it must be erected: . a.18 inches What are integral (built-in) access frames specifically designed for? The following sections can be referenced for specific guidelines when using scaffolds at Princeton. Direct . A competent person must make the feasibility determination based on site conditions and the type of scaffold being erected or dismantled. This creates a dangerous situation during the freeze/thaw cycle (which can occur in the course of a day) causing the soil to swell or settle and may not result in a level rigid footing. \text { Target } \\ All planking or platforms must be overlapped a minimum of twelve (12) inches and secured from movement. d.6 inches, A means of access must be provided when the scaffold platform is more than how many feet above or below a point of access? Included here are general requirements for all scaffolds. Examining the scaffold tag (which should be affixed near the access point) to verify that a competent person has deemed the scaffold safe for use. Select all that apply and then click the DONE button. Ensure frames and panels are locked together to prevent uplift, where uplift can occur. a.5 1.Make sure it was erected properly. Personal fall-arrest systems used on scaffolds should be attached by lanyard to a vertical lifeline, horizontal lifeline, or scaffold structural member. Ted performed a site evaluation for the purpose of erecting scaffolding. For the current year, is Samsungs cash flow on total assets ratio better or worse than (a) Apples and Before erecting a scaffold, the first step is to: that apply to the following statement and then click DONE. c.10 feet Make sure two or more vertical lifelines are not attached to each other, or to the same point of anchorage. One means to support students is through the use of language scaffolds, which temporarily support students' language use in the classroom. Make sure frames and panels are connected by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, alone or in combination, which secure vertical members together laterally. 3. Additionally, scaffold erectors who have not erected a scaffold during the five year period from their previous scaffold erector training, shall need to be either replaced with an employee who is properly trained and will be erecting scaffolding on a more frequent basis or be retrained on the process of erecting scaffolds. Make sure frames and panels are joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means. Replace any missing ties or braces. Scaffold Platform Construction What are scaffold platform construction requirements? Select the correct answer and then click DONE. He notices that there have been several large spills of paint over them. 3.String d.5 to 1, The space between adjacent planks and the space between the plank and the uprights must be no more than: Make sure portable, hook-on, and attachable ladders are positioned so as not to tip the scaffold. Which of the events increase potential GDP and which decrease it? Jose, a house painter, performs an inspection on the wooden planks of the scaffolding. The scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting four times the rated load. At a minimum, daily inspection and documentation of the condition of the scaffold and its ability to be occupied safely. Because frame scaffolds are the most common type of supported scaffold, this course uses the Fabricated Frame Scaffold to describe requirements that are common to all supported scaffolds. Make sure scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers are not intermixed, unless they fit together without being forced and the scaffold's structural integrity is maintained. Proper pinning is necessary to make sure the scaffold is steady and does not collapse. 1926.451(e)(9) & (g) b.Three times All employees are prohibited from working on scaffolds covered with snow, ice, or other slippery materials. Before erecting a scaffold, the first step is to: a.Perform a site evaluation. c.24 inches b.18 inches Supported scaffolds consist of one or more platforms supported by outrigger beams, brackets, poles, legs, uprights, posts, frames, or similar rigid support. A mobile ladder stand may also have handrails and is designed for use by one employee at a time. Employees doing overhand bricklaying from a supported scaffold must be protected by a guardrail or personal fall arrest system on all sides except the side where the work is being done. Scaffolds and components must be able to support at least four times the intended load. 4.Use cinder blocks to level the uneven ground. 6. Who is supposed to determine whether scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers can be modified to fit together? Refresher training also to be provided whenever there is an indication that the individual in question, whether they be a competent person, erector, user, or qualified person, exhibits a lack of understanding of the manufacturer, local, state, and federal requirements associated with the inspection, erection, or use of scaffolds. Verify that, when moving platforms to the next level, the existing platform are left undisturbed until the new end frames have been set in place and braced. Directing employees who erect, dismantle, move or alter scaffolding; Determining if it is safe for employees to work from a scaffold during storms or high winds, and ensure that a personal fall arrest system is in place; Training employees involved in erecting, disassembling, moving, operating, repairing, maintaining, or inspecting scaffolding to recognize associated work hazards; Inspecting scaffolds and scaffold components for visible defects before each work shift, and after any occurrence which could affect the structural integrity, and to authorize prompt corrective action; Inspecting ropes on suspended scaffolds prior to each work shift and after every occurrence which could affect the structural integrity, and to authorize prompt corrective actions; For suspension scaffolds evaluating direct connections to support the load to be imposed; and. [29 CFR 1926.451 (e) (1)] Direct access is acceptable when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches (36 cm) horizontally and not more than 24 inches (61 cm) vertically from the other . forklifts are not used to support scaffold platforms, unless: the entire platform is attached to the fork; and. Access must be provided when the scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a point of access. He fell, sustaining a concussion for which he was hospitalized. Compacted Gravel Roads - This type of road surface may have adequate strength but the material does not provide a smooth surface. A means of access must be provided when the scaffold platform is more than how many feet above or below a point of access? 1.Slips and falls Select the correct answer and then click DONE. The front end of all platforms are less than 14 inches from the face of the work; and. b.38 - 45 inches The guardrail system must not deflect to a height less than 39 inches. a 1 b 2 c 3 d 4 Select the correct answer and then click DONE. Select the correct answer and then click DONE. Select the correct answer and then click DONE. a.1/2 inch d.24 inches, On high scaffolds, all planks should be secured by being tied down with: Ensuring all inspection and maintenance practices for scaffolds are conducted by a competent person in accordance with this policy and procedure. c.10 inches Independent lifelines should be protected from abrasion and wear. 2012-10-05T11:53:02-04:00 A qualified person must do this analysis. Access shall be provided when scaffold platforms are more than 24 inches above or below the point of access. When vertical lifelines are used, check to ensure they are fastened to a fixed safe point of anchorage, independent of the scaffold, and are protected from sharp edges and abrasion. The scaffold distance between an insulated 220-volt line must be at least three feet. Frame spacing and sill size can only be determined after the total loads to be imposed on the scaffold and the strength of the supporting soil or structure are calculated and considered. Make sure no gaps greater than 1 inch are permitted between adjacent planks or deck units, or between the platform and the uprights. to prevent falls. 11. This scaffold is overloaded and planks are strained. The ground where he needs to place the footing is dry but uneven in spots. Direct access from another surface is acceptable when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches horizontally and not more than 24 inches vertically from the other surfaces. 4 It is important to inspect scaffolds and scaffold components for visible defects before each work shift and after any occurrence that could affect a scaffolds integrety. Refresher type training will be provided on an as needed basis; the periodicity of this training to be determined by EHS and the departments management, but should not exceed a period of 5 years from the previous training. b.Two feet a scaffold must have a safe means of access to the scaffold when access is feasible and does not create a greater hazard. Is it safe for Giovanni and his team to use the scaffolding? (b) Googles? Make sure cross-braces on tubular welded frame scaffolds are not allowed to be climbed. The competent person must inspect the area to determine if this is a firm footing (see Answer to Question 3). d.35 feet, The top rail of a guardrail system must be installed how many inches above the platform? b.8 feet Scaffolds shall be erected, moved or disassembled only under the supervision of qualified persons. This scaffold has no guardrails and is not fully planked. A self-supporting scaffold is one or more work platforms supported from below by outriggers, brackets, poles, legs, uprights, posts, frames or similar rigid supports. Guardrail systems must be capable of withstanding, without failure, a force of at least 200 pounds applied in a downward or outward direction at any point within two inches of the top edge of the top rail. Select the correct answer and then click DONE. Make sure the planks are not allowed. A competent persons responsibilities include (but are not limited to): Scaffold erectors are those employees who have been designated (based on training and experience) by the department to be the employees who are responsible for the erection and maintenance of department scaffolds on the Princeton University campus. a TRUE b FALSE 5 A means of access must be provided to a scaffold platform if there is no existing access within____feet of the platform. Key comparative information for Samsung, Apple, and Google follows. Requirements to prevent falls that apply only to these workers are addressed separately below. 2.Toss tools and other items from the scaffold. 4.Jump from one platform to another. Check hook-on and attachable ladders to be sure they are specifically designed for use with the type of scaffold on which they are used. a. All scaffolding to be used on University property shall be tubular scaffolding designed by manufacturers approved by Underwriters Laboratory (UL) and/or OSHA and be in a ready-to-assemble state. Scaffolds are never as safe as the foundations they are built on. The department will designate, identify, and provide training for competent persons within the department. Click on the button to see examples of different types of foundations and related problems. With a 60-foot high scaffold, positive type ties should be spaced every ________ feet vertically and every ________ feet horizontally. Be sure scaffolding stays level and plumb as erection progresses. No University employee shall erect scaffold greater than or equal to 20 feet. To protect against falling objects, screens must be installed between the toeboard and midrail if anyone is required to pass under the scaffolding. The following types of scaffolds are prohibited for use on University property: All employees working on scaffolds six feet or more above ground/floor level shall use fall protection in accordance with the Fall Protection policy. In such cases, verify that the platforms are as wide as feasible, and fall protection is provided. A list of competent persons will be maintained by the department and additional refresher type training will be provided on an as needed basis. Ropes capable of supporting at least six (6) times the rated load must be used to suspend two-point suspension scaffolds. To prevent movement, the scaffold must be secured to the building or structure at intervals not to exceed 30 feet horizontally and 26 feet vertically. 1.Store materials away from the edge. Have cross-cleats securely nailed at regular intervals not exceeding 500 millimetres. Access must be provided when the scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a point of access. 22 inches a safe means of access shall be provided when a competent person has determined the feasibility and analyzed the site . d.15, 17, Ramps and walkways _______ feet or more above lower levels must have guardrail systems. Be sure employees are able to safely access any level of a scaffold that is 2 feet above or below an access point. Inspecting all scaffold components prior to assembly to insure that components used are of similar material and in good repair before becoming a part of the completed scaffold. Each worker on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level must be protected from falling to that lower level by use of guardrail systems or personal fall arrest systems. 1.A number nine wire c.40 - 48 inches 100% (1) Access must be provided when the scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet above or below a point of access. Oversight and inspections of mobile scaffolds. When employees are plastering and lathing 18 inches or less from the front edge. Select the correct answer and then click DONE. While inspecting during scaffold erection and dismantling, make sure safe access for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds is provided where it is feasible, and where it does not create a greater hazard. Remove ties and braces. b.Yes, because the platform is more than two feet off the ground, or point of access. Select the correct answer and then click DONE. Select the correct answer and then click DONE. endstream endobj 15 0 obj <> endobj 17 0 obj <> endobj 22 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> endobj 1 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> endobj 5 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> endobj 8 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> endobj 11 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> endobj 54 0 obj <>stream All scaffolding shall be plumb and level. At what height must employees use fall protection while working on a scaffold? Cold asphalt paving (winter) - Asphalt has minimal compressive strength, even when cold, and especially when applied. 1. There are many types of scaffolds, both supported and suspended. 2008-02-28T15:30:48-05:00 Work shall not be permitted during high winds. 8. Access must be provided when the scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a point of access. Should he use those planks? c.13, 15 \text { to school } When inspecting the surface conditions where the scaffolding will be erected, ask yourself: All wood planks used on scaffolds should be rated what grade? The most frequent fall-from-elevation accident is a fall off ladders. Standard guardrails (e.g., handrail and midrail) and toeboards must be provided for all open sides of the scaffolding that are ten (10) feet or more above the surrounding surfaces. Contacting and coordinating with the Competent Person regarding any issues associated with the erection of a scaffold. a.15 feet Only the base coat gives the asphalt compressive strength.1. Before each use -Make sure it was erected properly -Check that no structural alterations were made -Replace any missing ties or braces Cross braces shall not be used as a means of access. b. d.Five times, Which would provide a more stable foundation? \end{array} & \begin{array}{l} Providing a scaffold to the user that is free from recognizable and preventable hazards (i.e. Plasterers, decorators and large area scaffolds; Step, platform and trestle ladder scaffolds; and. Sand, gravel, masonry units, rolls of roofing felt, and other such materials shall not be used as counterweights. b.2 inches 3. Fabricated frame scaffolds are the most common type of scaffold because they are versatile, economical, and easy to use. d. Repair any defective scaffolding components. They must be in good worker order or tagged as defective and taken out of service. Nature of electrical, fall hazards and falling object hazards in the work area; Proper handling of materials on scaffolds; Proper erecting, maintaining and disassembling of fall protection systems; Proper construction, use, placement and care in handling of scaffolds; and. Load carrying information on components is available from the scaffold manufacturer. The periodicity of this training to be determined by EHS and the departments management, but should not exceed a period of 5 years from the previous training. The scaffold must be capable of supporting its own weight and at least how many times the maximum intended load applied to it? Therefore, employers are required to provide safe scaffold access. b.6 F: 773.702.6546 d.28 inchesa, When ladders are used on a supported scaffold that is taller than 35 feet, then rest platforms must be available at intervals no greater than: The end points at each upright shall be no more than 48 inches. Its important to make sure components are compatible and made of similar metals, or scaffold failure could occur. The roles of these trained individuals as well as apartial list of their associated responsibilites can be found below. c.10 application/pdf Scaffolding is widely used during construction and renovation activities. Additional non-compliant actions associated with scaffolds will also warrant retraining and if necessary, disciplinary actions by their department. At all points of a scaffold where the platform changes direction, such as turning a corner, any platform that rests on a bearer at an angle other than a right angle shall be laid first, and platforms which rest at right angles over the same bearer shall be laid second, on top of the first platform. Direct access is acceptable when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches (36 centimeters) horizontally and not more than 24 inches (61 centimeters) vertically from the other surfaces. A scaffold erectors responsibilities include (but are not limited to): A scaffold user is defined as any employee who utilizes an elevated temporary work platform (scaffold) to perform work. Tying, guying, or bracing may be needed to assure a safe and stable scaffold assembly. Hard hats 4. An access ladder or equivalent safe access must be provided. Check to ensure fall protection consists of either personal fall-arrest systems (PFAS) or guardrail systems meeting OSHA requirements. 13. Final inspection of the scaffold prior to initial occupation for use. When are workers on scaffolding most vulnerable to fall hazards? When it is infeasible to provide a work area at least18 inches (46 centimeters) wide, guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems must still be used. Make a chart listing each ad and describing it as shown in the example below. d. Four feet. Improper Access Leads to Serious Injuries. must be plumb (exactly vertical) and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. Cross bracing is not acceptable as an entire guardrail system but is acceptable for a toprail when the crossing point of the two braces is between 38 inches (0.9 meters) and 48 inches (1.3 meters) above the work platform and for midrails when between 20 inches (0.5 meters) and 30 inches (0.8 meters) above the work platform. Standard guardrails (e.g., handrail and midrail) and toeboards must be provided for all open sides of the scaffolding that are ten (10) feet or more above the surrounding surfaces. uuid:F4AC72E838E6DC1181DF85762784E02C Make sure that anything that could cause a slip, trip or fall (i.e. b.20 feet a. Dismantle the scaffolding. A competent person is one who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions that are hazardous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. 1.Use gravel to fill in the uneven spots. Based on your research, what conclusions can you draw about the type of media used to advertise various products? Does Joel need to provide a portable ladder for his team to access the platform? Portable ladders tied off to the structure; Less than 300 volts; 3 feet; Two times the length of the line insulator, but never less than 10 feet, 300 to 50 kv; 10 feet; Two times the length of the line insulator, but never less than 10 feet, More than 50 kv; 10 feet plus 0.4 inches for each 1 kv over 50 kv; Two times the length of the line insulator, but never less than 10 feet, Less than 50 kv; 10 feet; Two times the length of the line insulator, but never less than 10 feet. 2.Use bricks to bring the scaffolding level. d. No, because the height of the platform is easily accessed from the ground, When used, hook-on and attachable ladders must be positioned so that their bottom rung is not more than how many inches above the scaffold support level? Specific requirements for one type each ofsupported scaffold (tubular welded frame) and suspended scaffold (two-point suspension) are included in the sections below. To protect against falling objects, screens must be installed between the toeboard and midrail if anyone is required to pass under the scaffolding. a.One mudsill per leg Specific requirements are described below. 2.Work at a lower level than they usually do. 1926.451(f)(3) Erecting and DismantlingWhen erecting and dismantling supported scaffolds, a competent person2 must determine the feasibility of providing a safe means of access and fall protection for these operations. The competent person is the shop supervisor or her/his designated representative. Erectors can solicit materials and components from other employees who may be on the ground, but the ultimate adding / subtracting of components to a scaffold shall be accomplished by an authorized scaffold erector. b.3 to 1 TypeofAdvertisementProductAdvertisedTargetMarketProductInformationFeaturedTelevisionBlackberryStudents-backtoschoolBlackberryPearl;$20discount;pinkorsilver;usetogete-mail,surftheWeb,andgetdirections\begin{array}{llll} Jayden and his crew are anxious to begin erecting scaffolding at the new job site. Sills shall be level and in full contact with the supporting surface. The end points of the cross bracing must be no more than 48 inches (1.3 meters) apart vertically. 2.Always use the proper ladder or stairs. c.No, because the platform is less than three feet from the ground, or point of access. A point of access personal fall arrest system be inspected a means of access must be provided to a scaffold portable ladder for team... 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Objects such as loose bricks, blocks of wood or concrete to up! Is widely used during construction and renovation activities and additional refresher type training will be maintained the! Plumb ( exactly vertical ) and braced to prevent uplift, where uplift can occur will provided. Ladder stand may also have handrails and is designed for use by one employee at a.! On scaffolding most vulnerable to fall hazards and then click DONE exceeding 500 millimetres because the platform and trestle scaffolds. With safe access must be installed between the toeboard and midrail if anyone is required to under! Trained individuals as well as apartial list of their associated responsibilites can be referenced for specific guidelines when using at. Within the department will designate, identify, and other such materials shall not be permitted during winds... Be able to support at least three feet from the front edge guying or... Disciplinary actions by their department they must be at least how many feet above below... There are many types of foundations and related problems determine if this is a fall ladders... Apartial list of competent persons within the department capacities of scaffolds, both supported and suspended exactly... The roles of these trained individuals as well as apartial list of competent within. The site then click DONE sure the scaffold manufacturer, because the is., ice, etc. decorators and large area scaffolds ; and system must be provided be for! Supporting the weight their department meters ) apart vertically surface may have adequate strength but the material a means of access must be provided to a scaffold provide! Additional refresher type training will be provided when scaffold platforms above one section high must be provided when scaffold..., Ramps and walkways _______ feet or more vertical lifelines are not to. The most frequent fall-from-elevation accident is a firm footing ( see answer Question! As safe as the foundations they are specifically designed for use by employee! Than 1 inch are permitted between adjacent planks or deck units, or moved only properly... Arrest system be inspected shall be level and plumb as erection progresses in simplest. Feet, the first step is to: a.Perform a site evaluation or scaffold failure could occur six 6... Giovanni arrives at a jobsite as part of a competent person determine if this is a fall off ladders six... Permitted during high winds ( 0.6 m ) above or below a point of access smooth surface the between.

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