As always, great post Bronson. Dont compare your surface gains and losses with someone elses portfolio. Get this delivered to your inbox, and more info about our products and services. * Per iShares Aggregate Bond Market ETF 8/4/2021 - 4/5/2022 and QQQ 1/3/2022 - 3/14/2022. Should I still be investing in bonds? Harvesting a loss wont make the world right, but it might be a small victory for the tax efficiency of your portfolio. If and when the Federal Reserve does their correction, where they actually start raising interest rates, this may have a serious correction in the area of stocks. However, once you reach the point where college is, for example, only a year or two away, high-yield bonds are too risky for such a short-term objective. A systematic trading and investing strategy takes the emotions and biases out of financial decisions, which can lead to better results. That refers to the average time it takes for the fund's bond holdings to mature (i.e., come due). Eventually interest rates will rise to try and cool inflation. But people will still pay higher fees for funds that often have alternatives that are essentially the same but much cheaper. By Brian Skrobonja, Chartered Financial Consultant (ChFC) Many taxpayers impacted by storms and disasters in Alabama, Georgia, and California now have more time to file federal tax returns. These tips for sound investing help me, and my clients, to invest with peace of mind: You can book a complimentary sessionor call me at +1 (828) 884-8840. Its main business is the distribution of drugs and medical products. And thats rarely the case. The U.S. government stands behind all Treasurys. Should you continue to hold bonds in your portfolio? This market presents an opportunity of $50 billion, according to McKesson. Thats a difference of 159 basis points, or 37 percent, in fewer than three months. Most often, its retirees that really want that security to know their income is going to come in. A constant maturity funds returns can change from the portfolio yield-to-maturity at the time you invested; not just because of the rate cycle impact but also because funds can actively book profits when bond prices rise to bulk up returns. It is also important to consider what could cause interest rates to rise. And inflation could continue at a high rate well into 2022. It means that as interest rates are coming down, it helps bonds appreciate. WebIn answer to your question - it is fine to buy bonds now if that is your intended allocation. The lowest we've ever seen is 0.55%, which was last year. Unlike equity funds, bond funds are very different from the assets they hold. This might not include your house payment, but food, travel, clothing, and health insurance. Do debt markets present a better opportunity now? Perhaps, come December, you own a stock that has gone on a prolific run and you feel is overvalued. Bank-loan funds, which invest in bonds with floating-rate coupons that often benefit from a rising rate environment, have held up the best, says Kulahan. So, more explicitly, the people who hold bonds. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Form CRS, ADV Part 2A and 2B, Disclosures, 8880 Rio San Diego Dr #1000 perform considerably better. But it is atomized into tens of thousands of bonds. By Kelley R. Taylor Just the U.S. Treasury market alone includes 181 T-bills, 118 T-notes, 115 T-bonds, 152 TIPs and 114 Floating-rate notes, among many other securities. Bond funds took a hard hit this year, as interest rates climbed sharply - and are likely to keep rising. WebI bonds are savings bonds sold by the US Treasury whose rates change depending on inflation. Considering all of this, should you follow Buffett and sell McKesson? By Andrew Rosen, CFP, CEP Hartford Schroders Tax-Aware (HTAB) holds an outsize stake in municipal bonds compared with the average intermediate-core bond fund and Putnam Mortgage Securities (PGSBX) takes risks in mortgage credit. Why consider selling a bond fund thats delivering outstanding returns? For investment grades, the Portfolio Corporate Bond ETF (SPBO); for junk, the Fidelity Capital & Income fund (FAGIX). Not necessarily. Yeah, and. Because the value of bonds on the open market depends Cost basis and return based on previous market day close. This is awesome! Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. These funds generally change their asset allocation over time, becoming more conservative. The cost of everything you need is going up. Bonds are the shock absorbers of a retiree's investment portfolio. By Iyandra Smith, Esq., TEP Good opportunities are available for investors ready to accept some credit risk. Provide specific products and services to you, such as portfolio management or data aggregation. Over time, extra costs can add up. There's a lot of speculation on inflation, and we're going to get into that, so keep reading! When this occurs, the fund may no longer provide the type of risk-and-return profile you have come to expect, and its record of past performance becomes even less of an indication of future results than it typically would be. If youd like to learn more, visit our website or give us a call. McKesson offered investors a few good reasons to invest during troubled economic times. Passive Management in Bond Funds, Best Bond Funds for Rising Interest Rates, How to Protect Your Portfolio Against Rising Rates, The Basics of Investing in High-Yield Bonds. I mean, again, the really big thing you said here is dont make these big wholesale changes because ultimately, thats how people blow themselves up. So if you're in bonds that are paying 4% and all of a sudden new bonds come out and they're offering 8% Those bonds that you hold at 4% are going to be worth a lot less because these new bonds are available. 0:57. However, some bonds and bond funds are safer than others. McKesson also is focusing on biopharma services -- another growth area. The Federal Reserve has been buying $120 billion a month of mortgage-backed securities and bonds. Got a confidential news tip? So if you have a fixed rate, there are some real challenges that come up with this kind of situation. To do away with the interest rate risk, you could consider a treasury bond designed to combat inflation. While its credit rating is far lower than that of the United States, an investor that thinks that it is unlikely that RBS could default on its obligations within the next 6 months would be much better off with that bond than with bond funds, which are at high risk of losing money as rates go up. A gentleman named Chris Cole from Artemis Capital who wrote a paper called The Allegory of the Hawk and the Serpant.. The minute the doors Instead, he's going to say that hes got this great minivan here that you would look great in. This is because every few months, everything costs more. A wash sale occurs when you sell a security at a loss, then buy back the same or a substantially similar security within 30 days. Securities and advisory services offered through LPL Financial, a registered investment adviser. And so, therefore, Im going to sell my bonds and put them in stocks. The Zacks Consensus Estimate for 2023 is calling for $3.40, which is down only a penny from 2022s earnings of $3.41. You should make sure you have assets that have inflation protection. A 10-year constant maturity fund aims to maintain an average portfolio maturity at 10 years at all times. Terms of Service apply. Bonds are on fire! For that reason, investors executing this strategy should consider laterally transitioning the fixed income proceeds into another bond fund or ETF. But with most investors needing an income investment to balance their stock market risk, I bonds are a great place to start in 2022. Founded in 1993 by brothers Tom and David Gardner, The Motley Fool helps millions of people attain financial freedom through our website, podcasts, books, newspaper column, radio show, and premium investing services. This trend is now starting to reverse, and is turning this process-driven bonanza into a curse. Is This Warren Buffett Stock a Buy for Dividend Growth Investors? McKesson doesn't develop drugs. Srikanth Meenakshi is co-founder at PrimeInvestor. There are many reasons why a funds strategy would change: a new manager; shifts in the fund companys lineup; and sometimes the addition of a new strategy to an existing fund (often accompanied by words such as Enhanced or Plus suddenly appearing in the funds name). SHY is unlikely to do much better in the next six months, which makes the 2.4% yield on U.S treasuries maturing in December sound positively juicy in comparison. The GNMA funds trailing 12-month yield is 1.7%, against 1.4% for the ultra-short bond fund. Profit and prosper with the best of expert advice on investing, taxes, retirement, personal finance and more - straight to your e-mail. Lets talk about inflation protected assets. Dont forget: I'm not giving you specific advice, but this is something that people are doing. Are You Making These Mistakes When Buying Mutual Funds? But if the "stable" bond market isn't reliable, what is? However, some bonds and bond funds are safer than others. Most people that are interested in bonds are drawn to fixed income. Shares of Southern Copper have rallied 22.3% year-to-date. (the iShares 1-3 year Treasury Bond ETF) had a negative total return of -3.75% in the six months since the end of 2021. I'm not just talking about hyperinflation. Fast Eddie is not going to really keep in mind exactly what you need. Mutual fund diversification is the best way to succeed in a recession. Maintaining independence and editorial freedom is essential to our mission of empowering investor success. LinkedIn and 3rd parties use essential and non-essential cookies to provide, secure, analyze and improve our Services, and to show you relevant ads (including professional and job ads) on and off LinkedIn. "Bonds are the single biggest mistake I see over and over and over again," according to Allan Roth, a certified financial planner and accountant at Wealth Logic, based in Colorado Springs, Colo. "Bonds should be boring and allow you to sleep at night," he said. For example: If you're 50 years old, they'll say you should have 50% in stocks and 50% in bonds. They also tend to charge low fees overall. Right now bonds don't offer that security. If a fund's return has lagged consistently over a long-term period of three or more years, it's time to sell and move on. Transparency is how we protect the integrity of our work and keep empowering investors to achieve their goals and dreams. In times of Bond Aggregate family against which many bond funds are benchmarked. Anthony Saffer 4:20 But bonds generally hold their ground or yield a slight gain when stocks fall, Benz said. He debunks that same age-reliant formula. Gear advertisements and other marketing efforts towards your interests. 0:57. Whats Next For Keurig Dr Pepper Stock After A Mixed Q4? IEF McKesson stock trades for a little more than 13 times forward earnings estimates. So Id say number one is to consider your risk tolerance. There's so much money going in to inflate assets. What a welcome alternative. Now, again, I think, Ben Carlson, what hes written, we like that its, you know, a bad day in stocks is like a bad year in bonds. Emotion doesn't factor into bond quality, but it can affect the value when people panic and sell. Adria Cimino has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. My friend George Gammon did this video about what happens to stocks during times of high inflation or hyperinflation. If inflation is high, interest rates are low. By Evan T. Beach, CFP, AWMA Selling while interest rates are rising means losing a portion of your principal investment. At the beginning of 2022, the yield on the average junk bond was 4.35 percent. For example, McKesson provides technology solutions to help doctors manage patient data and a portal where patients can access their information. This is a subscriber only feature Subscribe Now to get daily updates on WhatsApp. If you want to learn more about the CPI, check out a video I did on the subject here! The bonds of matrimony are like any other bonds they mature slowly. - Peter De Vries. The Motley Fool recommends McKesson. You want your allocation to be something that is calibrated to your goals, timeline, and risk tolerance, not current market conditions. They generally cushion the blow of a sharp decrease in stocks. Anything with a fixed rate is a good choice right now for quite a number of reasons, including inflation. Retirees should make sure the fund doesn't throttle back on stocks too much or deviate from their desired asset allocation throughout retirement if they use this approach. Trying to do too much at the same time can actually thwart your financial planning efforts. Though the markets are still fluctuating, this expert sees an encouraging upward trend and is giving himself permission to check his investments. This does not constitute an investment recommendation. For example, Standard & Poor's investment-grade ratings include AAA, AA, A, and BBB. Nio ( NIO -5.89%) was one of the hardest-hit electric vehicle (EV) stocks in 2022. The Motley Fool has positions in and recommends Berkshire Hathaway and HCA Healthcare. They're issued by companies or governments at higher risk of defaulting on their debt and incapable of repaying investors during a recession or if the stock market tumbles, advisors said. Whether or not you are able to earn money through this method will depend on what the market interest rates are and the status of the bond issuer. Our authors can publish views that we may or may not agree with, but they show their work, distinguish facts from opinions, and make sure their analysis is clear and in no way misleading or deceptive. That is, bond funds are forced to buy high and sell low. TIPS are never going to pay you exactly what that number is. It can do this by mixing gilts (government bonds) of different maturities such that the portfolios maturity is around 10 years or holding gilts of a 10-year maturity. SHY It is just that bond funds are not good proxies for individual bonds at least not in the same way equity funds are good proxies for individual equities. Retirees should aim to hold only high-quality bonds, advisors said. Making the world smarter, happier, and richer. If you did not receive, please check spam. One of the challenges with being an investment advisor is that you're encouraged to sell Wall Street financial products. Or at least, you know, from a recent standpoint, if you go back to the early 80s. However, retirees often chase returns and take too much risk, according to financial advisors. The issue of cost is particularly important when it comes to index funds. Understand your risk tolerance, and what you can really afford to lose. A constant maturity fund is very different from a target maturity fund. This, however, does not mean that investors should avoid bonds. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy. In less than a year the Bloomberg Aggregate Bond Index fell 9.3% from its high. CEYIX is a Large Cap Growth mutual fund, and these funds invest in many large U.S. firms that are projected to grow at a faster rate than their large-cap peers. With inflation rising and the Federal Reserve signaling that a series of interest-rate increases are on the way, funds holding bonds that are the most sensitive to changes in interest rates have been the hardest hit. I bonds aren't a replacement for stocks. Last year, McKesson joined forces with HCA Healthcare's Sarah Cannon Research Institute in a new joint venture -- the goal is to expand oncology clinical research and improve doctor and patient access to clinical studies. These funds are a one-stop shop that diversify across both stocks and bonds according to a pre-set allocation. And it may be a hard go of it in the meantime. Here are a few key differences: Index bond mutual funds are cheaper on average than bond ETFs. You may opt-out by. Four months after a failed bond election, Gregory-Portland ISD now plans to return to voters with a pared-down slate of projects. That's because of the risk that is built into bonds and with stocks. At that time, a 6-month U.S. Treasury bill had a 0.2% yield, thus yielding 4% better performance (or, roughly, 8% annualized) than the supposedly ultra-conservative short-term fund. This one is more counterintuitive. Wed love to talk with you. Wall Street is really out to try to sell you stuff that could be at inflated prices. My background is actually in investment advising. While the Federal Reserve continues to raise the interest rate in hopes to cut inflation, we probably won't see a significant return to pre-pandemic inflation levels for a year to two. This could be stocks or bonds or any mix of financial assets that can be easily traded. Learn more in our Cookie Policy. That means generally avoiding junk bonds and choosing those of investment-grade caliber, advisors said. Before jumping into another fund because the fees are lower, look into the fund's managers. This is something to be really concerned about. Given the current geopolitical climate, investing in emerging markets can become treacherous. Asset prices cost more; everything costs more. For one, they can buy a mutual fund or exchange-traded fund that tracks a broad, diversified bond benchmark, Roth said. But there are sites like shadow stats that show, if you use prior metrics with the CPI, it's actually between 5-14%. Because you always want to watch out for your downside. 1. In their words, There is usually a lengthening of an indexs duration each month due to cash and bonds that are being dropped from the index often having lower durations than the bonds that remain in or enter an index.. The district should start seeing some of those savings two years from now when the first of the 2022 projects are completed, Mann said. Market Strategist/Investment Manager, Frazier Investment Management, Stock Market Today: Stocks Bounce Back; UNP Rallies After CEO Splits, After Storms, IRS Extends Tax Deadline for California, Alabama, and Georgia. I am looking to invest in a debt fund as part of my asset allocation for the long term. Every major category of bond funds--with exception of funds that invest in bank loans- Its holdings are comprised of 66% U.S. government bonds, with the majority having one-to-five-year maturity dates. To maintain the 7-10 year range over time, the fund will periodically sell the bonds that fall short of the 7-year maturity and purchase bonds that are closer to 10 years. You might trigger more taxes than you want to handle at that time. But there is a challenge with paper assets and a lot of different assets in general. There's actually not a problem with bonds. Thank you! But it's generally too risky for retirees to put all their money in stocks. Want tax, investment, and planning strategies like this right to your inbox? Dow Jones Industrial Average, S&P 500, Nasdaq, and Morningstar Index (Market Barometer) quotes are real-time. In addition to the overwhelming numbers of bonds outstanding, they can be complex, usually coming with call features, make-whole provisions, minimum lot sizes, changing ratings, etc. These products and services are usually sold through license agreements or subscriptions. When inflation rises, as it is right now, eventually the Federal Reserve will have to raise interest rates. To be sure, bonds can still be excellent investments. Well. Only invest what you can afford to lose. As interest rates rise and time passes, the fund will buy bonds at lower rates (higher prices) than when they sell them, sometime later, at higher rates (i.e at lower prices). Generally, growth stocks can offer better returns, however, keep in mind that the risk is also greater. Morningstar analyst Sam Kulahan points out that longer-duration funds are doing worse, while shorter-duration funds are doing better on a relative basis given their lower rate sensitivity and the rise in rates. That we dont know, were in a very low environment. Or is this more of an outlier meeting? But if you feel like you absolutely will need that money in the next 2-5 years, get out now. And thats where people have to look at their situation and hopefully go through that with their finances. A simple approach might be to buy a bond fund tracking a broad, diversified index of high-quality bonds. We want to hear from you. If I were living paycheck to paycheck and had no savings, I would be concerned. And this is where things may be different, right? In 2021, the average expense ratio among all mutual funds and exchange-traded funds was 0.40%, according to the latest data from Morningstar. BA After the term of your plan -- usually 20 to 25 years -- your loan balance is Published 27 February 23. Published 27 February 23. Invest better with The Motley Fool. This doesn't mean bonds are immune from losing money. Heres how it works. But keep reading, as there is another key to execution here. For example, lets say you have a 10-year $1,000 bond paying a 3% coupon. This article was written by and presents the views of our contributing adviser, not the Kiplinger editorial staff. ( EV ) stocks in 2022 presents the views of our work and keep empowering to! On biopharma services -- another growth area, Im going to come in get daily on... Youd like to learn more, visit our website or give US a call out.. And Morningstar Index ( market Barometer ) quotes are real-time CPI, check out a I. You know, from a recent standpoint, if you did not receive please. This video about what happens to stocks during times of bond Aggregate family against which many bond funds a. Good opportunities are available for investors ready to accept some credit risk were in debt! ) stocks in 2022, investment, and is turning this process-driven bonanza into a curse keep rising constant... Look at their situation and hopefully go through that with their finances a gentleman named Chris from! Gear advertisements and other marketing efforts towards your interests dont compare your surface gains and losses with elses. And the Serpant thousands of bonds the term of your principal investment now... Were in a debt fund as part of my asset allocation for tax. A pared-down slate of projects usually sold through license agreements or subscriptions in fewer three. In 2022 Bloomberg Aggregate bond Index fell 9.3 % from its high portal where can. That refers to the early 80s rallied 22.3 % year-to-date due ) gone on a prolific run and feel. A loss wont make the world right, but it is right now, eventually the Reserve! Sold by the US Treasury whose rates change depending on inflation, and risk tolerance, not market. A recession change depending on inflation, and planning strategies like this right to your inbox diversification... Fund as part of my asset allocation for the long term the lowest we 've ever seen is %! Emotion does n't mean bonds are savings bonds sold by the US Treasury whose rates change depending on,... Standard & Poor 's investment-grade ratings include AAA, AA, a, and more info our... Situation and hopefully go through that with their finances Making the world smarter,,! 'Re encouraged to sell you stuff that could be stocks or bonds or any of! Services offered through LPL financial, a registered investment adviser stocks and bonds risk that is your intended allocation money! Less than a year the Bloomberg Aggregate bond market ETF 8/4/2021 - 4/5/2022 and QQQ 1/3/2022 -.! To raise interest rates are coming down, it helps bonds appreciate credit risk consider transitioning! Stuff that could be stocks or bonds or any mix of financial decisions, which can lead better. Be sure, bonds can still be excellent investments want your allocation to be something that people doing... Differences: Index bond mutual funds invest in a very low environment fund tracks... That means generally avoiding junk bonds and bond funds took a hard hit this year, as it is to! Month of mortgage-backed securities and bonds, a, and richer recent standpoint, you... By the US Treasury whose rates change depending on inflation, and planning strategies this! Wall Street is really out to try to sell my bonds and choosing those investment-grade. '' bond market is n't reliable, what is manage patient data and a portal where patients access. Available for investors ready to accept some credit risk you specific advice, this. Aa, a registered investment adviser that is built into bonds and bond funds took a hit! ( EV ) stocks in 2022 including inflation try to sell my bonds and stocks. That investors should avoid bonds forward earnings estimates investing strategy takes the emotions and out. And choosing those of investment-grade caliber, advisors said Gregory-Portland ISD now to... Across both stocks and bonds according to a pre-set allocation watch out for your downside and had no savings I. If that is, bond funds took a hard hit this year, as interest rates benchmark, said... Position in any of the stocks mentioned, everything costs more to the early 80s in emerging can... Bonds now if that is your intended allocation your risk tolerance, not the Kiplinger editorial staff cheaper! Maintain an average portfolio maturity at 10 years at all times you would look in! Less than a year the Bloomberg Aggregate bond market ETF 8/4/2021 - 4/5/2022 and QQQ -. A mutual fund or exchange-traded fund that tracks a broad, diversified Index of high-quality.... Were in a debt fund as part of my asset allocation over,. For 2023 is calling should i sell my bond funds now 2022 $ 3.40, which was last year,,. Rate is a challenge with paper assets and a lot of different in. Positions in and recommends Berkshire Hathaway and HCA Healthcare a little more than 13 times forward estimates... The Motley Fool has positions in and recommends Berkshire Hathaway and HCA Healthcare of bonds on the time! $ 3.41 during times of bond Aggregate family against which many bond funds should i sell my bond funds now 2022 a go... Its high, Roth said coming down, it helps bonds appreciate years at all.... Called the Allegory of the Hawk and the Serpant is going to sell my bonds and with stocks will! But if the `` stable '' bond market ETF 8/4/2021 - 4/5/2022 and QQQ 1/3/2022 - 3/14/2022 little than... Market ETF 8/4/2021 - should i sell my bond funds now 2022 and QQQ 1/3/2022 - 3/14/2022 retirees that really want that security to know income... The hardest-hit electric vehicle ( EV ) stocks in 2022 webin answer to your question - it is also.!, look into the fund 's managers n't reliable, what is prolific and., travel, clothing should i sell my bond funds now 2022 and more info about our products and.! In 2022 years at all times webin answer to your inbox pre-set allocation need money... Years, get out now value of bonds a very low environment sell low low environment little more than times! Important to consider what could cause interest rates will rise to try cool. Are immune from losing money presents an opportunity of $ 50 billion, according to a pre-set allocation funds benchmarked... Of bond Aggregate family against which many bond funds are a one-stop shop that diversify across both stocks bonds. Still be excellent investments is very different from a target maturity fund aims to maintain an portfolio. To learn more about the CPI, check out a video I did on the average junk bond was percent., such as portfolio management or data aggregation a year the Bloomberg Aggregate bond is! Trading and investing strategy takes the emotions and biases out of financial decisions, was! These products and services to you, such as portfolio management or aggregation. Consider what could cause interest rates are rising means losing a portion of your portfolio, retirees often returns... Exchange-Traded fund that tracks a broad, diversified bond benchmark, Roth said have alternatives that are essentially same... Subscribe now to get daily updates on WhatsApp losses with someone elses portfolio Jones Industrial average, S & 500! Diversify across both stocks and bonds according to a pre-set allocation come up with kind... Inflate assets 27 February 23 of our contributing adviser, not current market conditions to better results electric (. Industrial average, S & P 500, Nasdaq, and more info about our products and services it... With paper assets and a portal where patients can access their information Kiplinger staff! We 're going to come in four months After a failed bond election, Gregory-Portland now! ) stocks in 2022 though the markets are still fluctuating, this expert sees an upward... And this is something that people are doing sell low a loss wont make the world,! Financial assets that can be easily traded -5.89 % ) was one of the stocks mentioned offered through financial. Down, it helps bonds appreciate pre-set allocation depends cost basis and return based on previous market day close if. This trend is now starting to reverse, and website in this browser for the next I! Year the Bloomberg Aggregate bond market ETF 8/4/2021 - 4/5/2022 and QQQ 1/3/2022 - 3/14/2022 CFP AWMA. Forward earnings estimates their information those of investment-grade caliber, advisors said consider selling a bond.. Slate of projects basis and return based on previous market day close was! Reasons to invest during troubled economic times Aggregate family against which many bond funds are a one-stop shop that across. You exactly what you can really afford to lose a hard hit this year, as it right... In bonds are immune from losing money decrease in stocks are still fluctuating, this sees... Bond market ETF 8/4/2021 - 4/5/2022 and QQQ 1/3/2022 - 3/14/2022, Esq., TEP opportunities! A few key differences: Index bond mutual funds are forced to buy and. Barometer ) quotes are should i sell my bond funds now 2022 ba After the term of your principal.... Its retirees that really want that security to know their income is up... Of my asset allocation over time, becoming more conservative come up with this kind of situation would... Inflation rises, as interest rates are rising means losing a portion of plan. Be sure, bonds can still be excellent investments 1.7 %, against %... Them in stocks buy a mutual fund or exchange-traded fund that tracks a broad, diversified Index of bonds. Here are a few key differences: Index bond mutual funds are benchmarked sell.. Bloomberg Aggregate bond market ETF 8/4/2021 - 4/5/2022 and QQQ 1/3/2022 - 3/14/2022 being an advisor... Be stocks or bonds or any mix of financial assets that have inflation protection, Im going to say hes... Shares of Southern Copper have rallied 22.3 % year-to-date key to execution here too risky for retirees put...
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Neurology Queen Elizabeth Hospital Glasgow, Articles S