Muhammad, Elijah. According to Patrick D. Bowen, a PhD candidate at the University of Denver's Iliff School of Theology, fingerprints and photographs taken from San Quentin Prison matched those of Fard taken during the 1930s in Detroit; furthermore, in San Quentin he almost certainly came in contact with African American Muslim preachers and converts also incarcerated there. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. In contrast to Fards story, Karl Evanzz, noted NOI authority and author of The Messenger: The Rise and Fall of Elijah Muhammad, has argued that Fard was born Wali Dodd Fard in New Zealand in 1893. He claimed he was influenced by the group. At the bottom of the card, he signed his name as "Wallie Dodd Ford". No further birth, marriage, or death records appear to exist for individuals matching Dodd or Muhammad. However, the date of retrieval is often important. He could very plausibly be Maori from New Zealand trying to pass as an Arab, or he could genuinely be Arabic. ." [9], In 1938, sociologist Erdmann Doane Beynon published in the American Journal of Sociology a firsthand account of several interviews he conducted with followers of Fard in Michigan. "[58], Beynon also wrote: "The prophets message was characterized by his ability to utilize to the fullest measure the environment of his followers. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Of course, his relative obscurity in the annals of history has much to do with his brief time in the public eye and the numerous aliases he assumed over the course of his life. WebWant a minute-by-minute forecast for Fawn-Creek, Kansas? A World War I draft registration card for Wallie Dodd Fard[4] from 1917 indicated he was living in Los Angeles, unmarried, as a restaurant owner, and reported that he was born in Shinka, Afghanistan on February 26, 1893. Chameleon: The True Story of W.D. 1 is the location setting for several scenes in the book. They say that he shall soon return in a spaceship and that then the existence of the wicked Yakubians and their rule will end, with a new utopia forged. He was described as of medium height and build with brown eyes and black hair. [8][29], Karl Evanzz of The Washington Post submitted a Freedom of Information Act request to the FBI in 1978 requesting its file on Fard. The marriage did not last even a year; Ford accused his wife of being an alcoholic and a bad spender. The FBI maintained an open file on Fard Muhammad up until as late as 1960, according to documents published through the Freedom of Information Act. He lived In Los Angeles. Some have suggested that he was a member of the Moorish Science Temple of America or the Ahmadiyyah Movement. Much of what is known about him is shrouded in mystery, and it is difficult to separate fact from mythological stories. Omissions? With growing prestige over a constantly increasing group, [Fard] became bolder in his denunciation of white people and began to attack the teachings of the Bible in such a way as to shock his hearers and bring them to an emotional crisis. I think you're right - between Fard's own obfuscation of his past and the FBI's misinformation campaign, we might never know just who he really was. The NOI teaches that Wallace Fard Muhammad was an avatar of Allah, who came to America to educate on this forgotten history. Following his disappearance, Elijah Muhammad succeeded him as the chief of the Nation of Islam. See alsoAfrican-American Religions; Black Muslims; Islam; Malcolm X; Muhammad, Elijah Karriem; Muhammad, Warith Deen; Nation of Islam; Qur'an. Encyclopedia.com. Do you personally think Fard fled Detroit in the 1930s and lived on elsewhere, or do you think he was killed? [27] "Harris had no standing in the order and was not regarded as a leader. The Black Muslims in America. When nothing further was heard from him, some rumored that he had been killed by police. Master Fard's mysterious disappearance in 1934 led to an internal struggle for the leadership of the Nation of Islam among several contending factions. [17] The Quran was soon introduced as the most authoritative of all texts for the study of the faith. It is important to realize that Farrakhan is the current leader of one of two main NOI factions that emerged after the Honorable Elijah Muhammads death on Feb. 24, 1975. Fard appeared as a peddler "from the East," selling silks and other sundries and dispensing advice about health and spiritual development to his customers. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad.jpg. WebIn late 1933 or in 1934 Fardmysteriously disappeared from public record. 1. The culprits vary depending on who's talking. [citation needed] Harris attended meetings of the Detroit chapter of the Nation of Islam, then also called the Order of Islam, and Allah Temple of Islam, where he was given the name of Robert Karriem. Maybe he was deported after that hearing. He is always referred to reverently as the 'Prophet Elijah in Chicago. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. On the question of a connection between the Nation of Islam and the Moorish Science Temple of America, Beynon wrote: "Awakened already to a consciousness of race discrimination, these migrants from the South came into contact with militant movements among northern Negroes. Reyes | Finn exhibit brings together more than 150 Detroit artists, Taurus Burns embraces his zebra stripes in Created Equal, Four queer, Black women explore the aftermath of heartbreak in Detroit art show. They would have been born back in the 1860's, long before Hawaii was a part of the United States. Subscribe now to get the latest news delivered right to your inbox. $95 night. Her judgment could not take place until we hear the truth. Another story described Fard as Palestinian. Their physical and economic difficulties alike were used to illustrate the new teaching. In compliance with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) requirements, some of these records are no longer in the physical possession of the FBI, eliminating the FBIs capability to re-review and/or re-process this material. The organizations humble origins in the Hastings Street Temple of Detroits Paradise Valley are little known, as is the story of the enigmatic Wallace D. Fard. [21][Note 1] These incidents drew police attention, according to Beynon, and contributed to persecutions and schisms. r d / (born February 26, 1877) was a co-founder of the Nation of Islam. When nothing further was heard from him, some rumored that he had been killed by police. [11] In 2020, it attracted an estimated 14,000 participants. [43] According to San Quentin records, Wallie D. Ford was born in Portland, Oregon, on February 25, 1891, the white son of Zared and Beatrice Ford, who were both born in Hawaii. Despite a lack of fame, Mr. Fards legacy lives on to this day whether most of us know it or not. One of the few survivors who heard his first addresses states that he himself said: 'My name is W. D. Fard and I came from the Holy City of Mecca. The Caucasians are the colored people, since they have lost their original color. "[37] The FBI took note of the article written by Erdmann Doane Beynon, and it conducted a search for Fard using various aliases including the name "Ford". Members of the Nation of Islam believe that he was a light-skinned black man or mulatto who knew both the white and the black world and who was born on February 26, 1877. "[45] After the story was published, Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm X subsequently charged black media outlets, which reprinted the accusation in large numbers, with running the story without requesting a response from the Nation of Islam. "[26] Wallace Fard Muhammad loved the black people of the United States of America. Members of the movement believe Fard to be the incarnation of Allh, and his birthday, February 26, is observed as Saviours Day. He earned his living at various times as a restaurateur, gambler, bootlegger and traveling salesman. At some point, he established a rudimentary church and read from the Bible, drawing in a mainly black Christian audience. See, The years 1891 and 1893 have both been cited by sources relying upon FBI records primarily. Fard offered blacks a credo of moral and cultural superiority to their white oppressors. "Black Muslims," a name coined by C. Eric Lincoln in 1960, refers to the members of one of the most militant and separati, Muhammad, Elijah 18971975 To Mr. Fard alone do they offer prayer and sacrifice. 1962. Consequently, Fard and another leader, Ugan Ali, were arrested and questioned. Others asserted that he had returned to Mecca to prepare for his eventual return. [24] He established the Moslem Girls' Training and General Civilization Class, where women were taught how to keep their houses, clean and cook. Legends soon sprang up about this mysterious personality. Tracing Ford's link to Portland, the FBI determined he had married an 18-year-old Native American girl in 1914 called Pearl Allen. He appeared in Detroit in 1930 and made a living as a street merchant. Elijah Muhammad, who took the position of leader of the Nation of Islam after Fard's disappearance, railed agaist the media claims that Ford was Fard. Ford/Fard lied about his background so many times that it's hard to tell what's true and what's not. [25] One such lesson concludes with the text: "This Lesson No. But he's certainly not black like he claimed. The other was Wallie D. Ford of California, arrested by Los Angeles police on November 17, 1918, on a charge of assault with a deadly weapon. In his 1965 book Message to the Blackman in America, which is a compilation of articles written by Elijah Muhammad for newspapers throughout the early part of his Ministry, he summarized what Fard taught him as follows: "He began teaching us the knowledge of ourselves, of God and the devil, of the measurement of the earth, of other planets, and of the civilization of some of the planets other than earth. r d / (born February 26, 1877) was a co-founder of the Nation of Islam. On a 1917 draft registration card, a Wallie Dodd Ford gave his birthplace as Shinka, Afghanistan. [55] Authors have also cited E. U. Essien-Udom for this proposition as well. The Nation of Islam state that Muhammad was of African and Arab descent. "The people who actually met him, and the scholars who have studied him, have suggested that he was variously an African American, an Arab from Syria, Lebanon, Algeria, Morocco or Saudi Arabia a Turk, an Afghan, an Indo-Pakistani a Greek" Morrow writes. But perhaps most notably, he was the man who founded the Nation of Islam, a political and religious organization that brought Malcolm X, one of the 20th centurys most important Americans, into the spotlight. There is only one known, authenticated photograph of "Wallace Fard Muhammad", which depicts him as a light-skinned, caucasian-looking man: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad.jpg. Here in America they were living other than themselves. Updates? 44 records found for Wallace Rd, Oswego, KS 67356. The FBI file on Fard provides both dates for individuals suspected (but never confirmed) to be Fard. Leader of the Nation of Islam Karriem was found to be legally insane and was committed. I guess so, because if you compare their features (ears, nose, chin, mouth, eyes and eyebrows), they're very similar. Contemporary American Religion. [17] He came to the homes of black families who had recently migrated to Detroit from the rural South. Attendance at the house meetings grew until the listeners were divided into groups and taught in shifts. He could've at least sent a letter! A variety of other claims emerged; that he went to Hawaii, New Zealand, and even to the Middle East. In compliance with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) requirements, some of these records are no longer in the physical possession of the FBI, eliminating the FBIs capability to re-review and/or re-process this material. He drew on various sources, including Noble Drew Ali's Moorish Science Temple of America, black nationalist trends like Garveyism, and black-oriented forms of Freemasonry. He wrote two books for the movement, The Secret Ritual of the Nation of Islam, which is transmitted orally to members; and Teaching for the Lost-Found Nation of Islam in a Mathematical Way, which is written in symbolic language and requires special interpretation. Whatever the case, Fard was a master at remaking himself and was apparently a very charismatic man. https://68.media.tumblr.com/8baacfedb2c5ff0be7055d0550917d7e/tumblr_ne5vz9XWui1t1ova9o10_500.jpg. Following his disappearance, Elijah Muhammad succeeded him as the chief of the Nation of Islam. I taught him some lessons. But both Zared and Beatrice were said to have been born in Hawaii. The FBI were confident that Wallace Dodd Ford was, in fact, Wallace Fard Muhammad. This article is about the founder of the Nation of Islam. [19], In the early stage of his ministry, Fard "used the Bible as his textbook, since it was the only religious book with which the majority of his hearers were familiar. Some blame the police, the FBI, or rival leaders within the NOI. [10], The annual Saviour's Day event is held in honor of Master Fard's birth. One faction, the Moors, remains faithful to Noble Drew Ali, and the other, which is now led by Elijah Muhammad, remains faithful to Prophet Fard (Master Wallace Fard Muhammad). All Rights Reserved. FBI records identified him as an unstable wanderer named Wallace Dodd Ford who came to the United States from New Zealand in 1913. [64][65] Fard wrote the following for his followers: "[T]he LESSONS that OUR SAVIOUR (ALLAH) gave us to Study and Learn is the Fulfillment of the Prophecies of All the Former Prophets concerning the Beginning of the Devils, and the Ending of the Civilization, and of our Enslavement by the Devils, and Present Time of our Delivery from the Devils by OUR SAVIOUR (ALLAH). 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