Debase, A fatalistic attitude about sickness may make Asian patients/families seem resigned to their situation. View. Iran recognises Zoroastrian, Jewish, and Christian religious minorities, among others. 7. The more humility a person shows, the less likely they are to be criticised. Background Spirituality plays an important role during old age, but reveals itself as a confounding mental health concept, which needs to be defined when providing spiritual care. Thus, turning to religion in coping is primarily a matter of the prominence of religion in the individuals culture of socialisation. These values are neither positive nor negative - they're just differences. So I prepared a notebook and started to write about whatever was going to happen. Iranian nurses revealed a unique and culture-based set of ethical values. Get a downloadable, printable version that you can read later. Iran is an Islamic republic, both officially and in practice. The whole life, since our birth, we are socialised to believe in saints. After all the interviews had been transcribed and analyzed, the main citations (participants responses and statements) for each category were translated into English by the researchers. A 75-year-old woman told us: When the doctor said I had cancer, my children were extremely worried but I tried to comfort them to not be worried and said they should trust in God. Nevertheless, much of the population shares the benefits of the middle class. I think He has listened. As the present findings show, the RCOPE methods appear to be of great importance to the Iranian interviewees. One is Support from Saints and Imams but not Clergy. Ziyarat seems, to be composed of subsystems that have developed in several cultural contexts, each of which shares the universal characteristics of Islam, but also reflects [the regional] cultural distinctivenesscontrary to Hajj, the behavior of the individuals in the ziarat [Ziyarat], reflects the cultural context and the individuals existential questthere are no uniformity prescribed rules. Demonic Reappraisal - which refers to redefining the stressor as an act of the Devil/an evil power is another coping method we found in the present study. Centuries of gender discrimination and segregation of sexes has created distinct roles and codes of behavior for both the sexes and many are still practiced today. 6. Coding continued until a high level of inter-rater agreement was reached. Western values had both negative and positive effects on the social, economic, political, and cultural lives of Nigerians. Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. Herding has long been a traditional part of the economy, and dairy productsmilk, cheese, and particularly yogurtare common ingredients in Persian dishes. It is a kind of charity, helping people in need. Elderly parents are dependent on adult children and grandchildren. Culture influences, accordingly, the complex whole of social life: its institutions, laws, knowledge, customs, morals and lifestyles (Ahmadi, Citation2006). 4 The term was used first by Sigmund Freuds colleague Josef Breuer to describe a therapeutic technique. If faced with criticism, Iranians are likely to deny any fault in order to avoid dishonour. The purpose of the project is to explore, from a sociological perspective, different forms of meaning-making coping (existential, spiritual, and religious coping) used by people who have been struck by cancer and, thereby, to attempt to understand the effect of culture on the use of these coping strategies. They are expected to be clean, well-behaved, and good students. However, individuals may not necessarily believe in these actions and instead fake them for the sake of their safety and reputation. Staying Single: What Most People Do If They Divorce After 50. Intercession is a safe way of obtaining a divine blessing. It also helps for the child to see how he specifically contributes to the family. Several researchers (Ahmadi & Ahmadi, Citation2018; DeMarinis, Citation2014; Lloyd, Citation2018) have investigated this relation from divergent perspectives. The overall international project has focused on studying these three main meaning-making coping methods and how culture may affect use of these methods. Culture impacts the way a person views life, values, social norms, and other aspects that constitute daily life, including health and diseases. The coding based on the themes found in the study used a template analysis style, a theory-driven analysis (Malterud, Citation2014), while categorisation of the themes was based on the results obtained in other studies in the project (Ahmadi, Citation2006, Citation2015; Ahmadi & Ahmadi, Citation2018; Ahmadi et al., Citation2017; Ahmadi, Ahmadi, Erbil, & Cetrez Citation2016). Nonna Khakpour, Contributing Writer, The Trauma and Mental Health Report. Ethnicity, Language, and Religion in Iran. Nevertheless, many parents suggest partners to their children, who then may or may not agree with their recommendation. Food in daily Life: Iranians have a healthy diet centered on fresh fruits, greens and vegetables. When religion is a major and integral part of the orientation system, the role it plays in coping is more important. Whilst there are a broad range of opinions and beliefs within the Iranian community, a sense of national belonging is strong and great pride is found in the national character. Seeking Support from Clergy or Congregation Members refers to a search for comfort and reassurance through the love and care of these individuals. Families tend to be small, only 1 or 2 children, but the extended family is quite close. keeping to the rules to avoid attracting the attention of government operatives). 0467469664; admin@thecleanex.com.au; The Cleanex is an NDIS Service Provider - NDIS Provider Number: 4050017476 For more information (Freud & Breuer, Citation1895). Furthermore, ethnic minorities tend to have distinctive forms of social organisation that are sometimes more collectivistic. They help each other through difficulties, and are always there for each other through thick and thin. By the likes of tall poppy syndrome, people are expected to be humble and unassuming about themselves. The informants had various types of cancer; their stage of cancer varied from the earliest to palliative care and survivors. Today, Iran is home to a population of around 83,024,745 individuals. I believe God wanted to warn me with illness and maybe death to change my life and be a better person. Broadly, one could make the distinction that the educated of society are more liberal whilst those in rural areas are generally more conservative. Among Muslims, the idea of testing (Ekhtebar) is rather robust. While this is statistically unlikely to happen, it is a consideration that affects behaviour. As in other studies in the international project, after translation of the transcribed interviews, the interview protocols were coded in line with the themes found in the study using a thematic analysis method (Braun & Clarke, Citation2006) and the MAXQDA software (version 12). Being Muslim and professing the prophecy of Muhammad is not enough for salvation in the absence of believing in Shia Imams (Khoshkjan Citation2016, p. 3). In above citation, we see a passive approach to facing ones illness and totally relying on God. Iranian culture remains relatively class conscious. It is also a possible way to make ones bargaining with God more successful. The Iranian people have a record of practising quite a progressive form of Shia Islam. A critical literature review, Public mental health promotion, meaning-making and existential meaning: Challenges for person-centered care of refugees in a secular, pluralistic context, Religious involvement and subjective well-being, Religion and health among black and white adults: Examining social support and consolation, Why me? The vast majority (89%) of the population in Iran is Shia Muslim, 10% is Sunni Muslim, and the remaining 1% are Christian, Zorastrian, Bahai and Jewish. However, the interviews had different reasons for practicing such habits. When Nahal is told shes had a miscarriage, instead of seeking support from her familywho have, in the past, refused to recognize her struggle with depressionshe keeps the news to herself, leading to desperation. One can notice it in the institutions dedicated to technology and medical sciences, but also in the general populations remarkable mobilisation of multiple social networks. Results and Discussion on religious coping methods (RCOPE), https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2018.1555699, https://journals.bmsu.ac.ir/jbs/index.php/jbs/article/view/593, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(200004)56:4<519::AID-JCLP6>3.0.CO;2-1, http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/research_tools/translation/en, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health. All people may gain the prestige of a familys success or bear the responsibility for a familys dishonour. Cultural factors that can influence family planning discussions and decisions include gender role inequality, deference to family or physician authority, religious influences, belief that. Twenty-seven participants with various kinds of cancer were interviewed. Registered in England & Wales No. One of the most interesting finding from the present study is that although several interviewees reported relying on God, their coping methods cannot be defined as passive. Cultural and religious beliefs and values may have an impact on preferences for treatment at end-of-life. Angela Sanchez. Most Iranians seem to be unified across ethnic divides. Mental illness in a family member is viewed as a familial flaw. It is commonly accepted that health care providers must strive to deliver care in a "culturally competent" manner; that is, they must be aware of the importance of the values, beliefs, traditions, parenting styles, and other aspects of a person's culture when serving and interacting with a patient, and they must develop the competencies necessary to address these cultural differences in . I believe everybody has sinned somehow. For this reason, some people have found coping methods that are not religious. This is the way they act at home or with their inner circle, where they can reveal their baaten (inside or true) identity without risk of arrest. Values are deeply embedded and critical for transmitting and teaching a culture's beliefs. The notion of solidarity helps us to understand how people of different generations relate to, help and depend on one another in their daily lives. In this pattern, praying to and conversing with saints and imams are in focus; one interesting finding was that no one reported having turned to Clergies in this respect. The Imam is the guarantor of this process. 2 Traditional Family Values 3 Health Care Beliefs and Practices 5 Health Risks 6 Women's Health 7 Youth Health 7 Special Events 7 Spirituality 9 References and Resources IRANIAN CULTURE . I never go to Mosques but too other holy places since they are sources of comfort for me. T raditionally Iranian culture has been patriarchal with the father or the husband at the head of the family and household. As Corbin (Citation1964/Citation1993, p. 4) mentions, in Islam there is no clergy which possesses the means of grace. Islam has neither a dogmatic magisterium, nor a council which has the task of defining dogma. Cultural values are a culture's core beliefs about what's good or right. Almost all Iranian schools are segregated. The interviews occurred in a private room at the Behnam Daheshpour Charity Organization; there were no interruptions. DEFINITION AND BACKGROUND. This perspective includes both religious and secular cultural settings, especially Muslim ones. While the nuclear family is modestly sized, close relationships with the extended family mean peoples family networks are sometimes quite large. I can talk to Him, even talk to the saints. A health belief system has four key components: perceived susceptibility. According to Nation Master, females made up over 60% of the overall Iranian student body in 2012. 5 Here we refer to the real believers and not to the majority of Iranians who according to the law are regarded as Shiites. Nevertheless, the results of several studies (Ahmadi, Citation2006, Citation2015; Ahmadi, Park, Kim, & Ahmadi Citation2017; Ahmadi & Ahmadi, Citation2018) reveal the occurrence of other coping strategies that can hardly be regarded as religious or spiritual, for instance, strategies connected to nature. Individuals' families also play a role in the way health is perceived. Parents make sacrifices for children, especially for their education. Essential to our study is, thus, not the study of coping only from a psychological perceptive but mainly the role of culture in the present study; we define culture as a system of beliefs, traditions, customs, art, history, folklore, institutions, norm and values and how they are expressed a system that is shared by members of a society, community or group. Beliefs are the tenets or convictions that people hold to be true. For example, the younger Iranian generation generally do not feel the need to stringently apply the honour code and will often hide certain shameful actions they consider reasonable from the older generations, who might be deeply offended by such behaviours. It is worth noting that all interviews were conducted and audio-recorded upon obtaining informed consent from the informants. . All leaders are expected to have a high level of academic achievement or theological education. FAMILY VALUES Many Iranian immigrants in New Zealand are more westernized and secularized They are beliefs, ideas, and principles that are specific to your home and how it functions. It is common for Iranians to refer to themselves as Persian, which carries the association and prestige of the historical empire.1 The Iranian culture and people have a history of being one of the most progressive in the Middle East. Nevertheless, much of the population shares the benefits of the middle class. The Fatima Masumeh Shrine in Qom, Iran is one of the holiest sites for Shia M The study offers nurses empirical data to help shape conversations about end-of-life care, and thus to enhance their commitment to help people 'die well'. He gave me my life and He can take it back. According to Khoshkjan (Citation2016, p. 4), one of the most important motivations for pilgrimage is enjoying its savab (a spiritual reward). Look! One usually turns immediately to family for assistance and may tell their problems and issues only to their family members. This religious governance directly affects the public, political, economic and legal aspects of people's lives. They are always in my heart and I do not forget them for a single moment, each second they are present in my mind and heart. We pay our respects to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander custodians past, present and emerging. Illness may be considered a product of Gods will, and thus accepted or as in the story of Job viewed as educational theodicy (Dein & Stygall, Citation1997). between religion, personal values or beliefs, and a professional clinical judgement. Awareness can translate to an enhanced understanding of the complexity of mental-health problems in a culture that holds rigid attitudes about mental health and illness. I think one thing that helped me was to walk this path alone. Iranian Culture 12 Traditions and Customs Only Iranians Will Understand Posted on 28 July 2019 As in any other country, Iran is ripe with quirks and eccentricities. Because beliefs, customs, and practices related to health care may differ across societ-ies and cultural groups, responses to high-stress nursing By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. All people may gain the prestige of a familys success or bear the responsibility for a familys dishonour Behnam charity... 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