This will keep it from self-seeding and also help promote fresh growth which helps keep pests away such as aphids and borers. Low-maintenance shape. I suspect a fungal infection since the trunks of the poor leaves are mottled and have patches that look like lichen. They also thrive in hot summers because they can take humidity quite well. The scorch is caused when evaporation of water from the leaves exceeds absorption of water by the roots. Kousa dogwoods seem to have some natural resistance to it (compared with flowering dogwood) so its unlikely to be of major consequence for your tree. Infected tissues feel powdery due to masses of fungal spores formed within. Whats going on? Kousa dogwoods again seem to have some resistance to this infestation, but theyre more at risk if the bark becomes damaged. Its a great choice for tough urban landscapes because it is tolerant of drought, shade, pollution, salt air, and urban heat island effects. Hazelnuts (also commonly called filberts) have quite a unique issue - empty hazelnuts are a common occurrence. Spring You may arrange some shade as long as it is accessible heightwise. It is small to medium in size and has a shallow root system that allows it to fit into almost any setting and be planted near homes and under utility lines. Follow with the spray every 7 to 14 days until all the leaves have opened. During times of drought water every 7 to 10 days. You've only seen one page. The tree didnt bloom all at once and the leaves are now curled. Thanks for your question! If ants are farming your aphids, apply a sticky barrier on a 4 inch-wide band of masking tape around the dogwood's main branches or trunk, 2 to 4 feet from the ground. Pruning, Perennials, and a Recipe for Mildew Stains. Remember - do not put the mulch next to the trunk of the tree. Help! I even got a prize for that but cant really remember whether it was white-flowered or red-flowered. ), Environmental disorders and infectious diseases may cause dogwoods leaves to cup and curl, and can threaten the trees health wherever it grows. Watered it everyday since planted in June . ), which thrives in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 2 through 9. Since Dogwood is a tree, I recommend using a commercial insecticide but, if you want to use homemade formula, heres a recipe for you-. What can I do to help it out? annuals Other dogwood diseases, such as those caused by Septoria cornicola species pathogens, may also show leaf-spotting symptoms similar to anthracnose, but they do not cause cupped or curled leaves. The height of a mature tree and the cost of treating it typically outweigh the benefits. I planted a young, pink flowering dogwood 1 yr ago. Summer Kousa dogwood (C. kousa) and hybrids of kousa and native dogwood (C. florida) are resistant to anthracnose and decline and should be used to replace dying trees. Dogwoods get fungus just like rose leaves do. Thanks! 3 above. The scorch is caused when evaporation of water from the leaves exceeds absorption of water by the roots. This disease thrives in warm, humid conditions so making sure theres a nice flow of air between your Kousa dogwood and surrounding vegetation will go a long way toward preventing an outbreak. Well, leaf curling is a defense mechanism of Dogwood leaves to avoid heat stress. Continue to water at the base of the tree until cooler fall weather arrives, even if it drops its leaves early. A: Dogwoods very commonly exhibit curled leaves in summer, so chances are you don't have too much to Leaf scorch is caused by any state in which the leaf tips and edges (which are the most exposed and fragile part of the leaves) dry out, causing necrosis, or cell-death. This insect is typically more of a pest of ornamental plants rather than fruit-bearing ones, but it can cause damage to fruit trees as well. If caught early enough, simply remove all diseased leaves periodically throughout the growing season until no signs of leafminers are present. Poor memory of mine! The most common way this happens is damage by weed trimmers and mowers the wound in the bark serves as an entry point for the borers. It can be used as a specimen plant or in shrub borders. When it's overwatering, simply reduce your watering frequency, and if you think it's a nutrient deficiency, here's how to check it: The genus name, Cornus, is Latin, from the word, cornu, which means "horn." This . Slarson789, CC BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0, via Wikimedia Commons, Amada44, CC BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0, via Wikimedia Commons, Christina Butler from Georgia, United States, CC BY 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0, via Wikimedia Commons, John A. Weidhass, CC BY 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0, via Wikimedia Commons. Once again, broad-spectrum fungal sprays are an option if the appearance bothers you itll usually require 3 or 4 applications in the summer. Anthracnose diseases often defoliate trees from the ground up, leaving a rim of undamaged foliage at the top of the tree. Dogwood trees adapt quite well in any location. Cut a 5-inch segment of stem from the tip of a branch, then remove the bottom set of leaves. avoiding getting the foliage wet when youre watering the tree. Maybe some fencings needed. Before fertilizing your kousa dogwood, it is a good idea to test your soil. I'm Al. Learn which plants thrive in your Hardiness Zone with our new interactive map! Check out this post which is one of the most popular of all time. Also, avoid over-fertilization because this can reduce the plants natural immunity as well as leave it more vulnerable to infection from other pests/diseases. During times of drought water every 7 to 10 days. When you buy with our links, we may earn a commission. Trees with shallow root systems benefit from a few inches of mulch to moderate the soil temperature. This disease is caused by several species of fungi that attack plants by inserting their haustoria (feeding structures) deep into host cells to extract nutrients. 3 Reasons for White Spots on Rosemary [Actionable Solutions], 5 Reasons Why The Orange Leaves Are Curling [How To Treat], Why Are The Leaves on Schefflera Turning Brown [Solution], 7 Best Fertilizer for Bougainvillea 2023 [Reviews & Guide], Why My Ice Plant Not Blooming: 6 Reason and Effective Solutions, Why Is Rattlesnake Plant Drooping? Why are my Kousa Dogwood leaves turning yellow? Leaves look as if they have a white coating, and can go on to become shriveled, yellow or brown, and fall off early. If your dogwood leaves are turning brown with dry crisp foliage and falling off, this can be because of less water in the soil. Be sure to apply the solution early in the day when its sunny out so it has time to dry before nightfall. -David. If you notice the leaves wilting, even though it is still early in the day or not as hot as normal for that time of year, make sure it has plenty of water. Keep watering the tree and feed it early next spring and it should rebound and put out some more new growth. Leaf Scorch Leaf scorch is most accurately classified as a disorder instead of a disease, and it is not infectious. Rather than keep its leaves flat and susceptible to burning in the summer sun, dogwoods curl their leaves to minimize leaf surface area and thus minimize any damage they might receive. Make sure the soil has the right amount of nutrients in stock. Allow the top 2 inches of soil to dry out between watering. He describes himself as a "tree-hugging dirt worshipper" who is a member of multiple gardening societies and foundations. In severe cases, systemic fungicides may be required this should only happen every other year. Is that a problem? The kousa berries are a visual delight and offer a delicious treat to the wildlife who use them as a nearly endless source of food before winter. Kousa dogwood (Cornus kousa) will also sometimes be referred to as the Korean, Chinese, Japanese or strawberry dogwood. Why are my kousa dogwood leaves curling? Its underwatered which might show itself in leaf-curling see below. grass seed There are very few flowering understory trees as attractive as a dogwood tree. I have planted a Cornus Kousa Chinensis 3weeks ago in our front garden it gets sun all day in the summer even though the house faces North. Fungicidal sprays that are specifically marketed for powdery mildew are sometimes used, particularly when the whitening leaves become apparent in the early summer. A more attainable goal is to manage the environmental influences that favor the disease. Check out this post for a very complete answer. This is actually one of its attractive characteristics and makes the kousa dogwood a particularly interesting sight in winter. Im worried we are going to loose it. 2023 Vander Giessen Nursery, Inc. | All Rights Reserved | 401 E. Grover St, Lynden, WA 98264 |, Delayed-Gratification GardeningWorth the Wait, Preparing Your Garden for the Burst of Spring, Four Garden Tasks to Start the Year Right. Not only this, but aphids also lure ants to the party. Moreover, Nowadays, sticky trapsare found to be highly effective against aphids. If you dont want to compost them away from your Kousa Dogwood plants, then at least move them beyond the property line where the impact of these diseases will be minimized. Soil: Kousa dogwoods do best in well-draining, moist rich soil that's not too heavy. It sounds like your tree is going through transplant stress, which is normal and treatable. Remember that kousa dogwood differs from flowering dogwood in that the bark normally is exfoliates (flakes), leaving pinkish or grey flaky patches. If you catch it early enough you can simply remove the affected leaves or branches from the plant before the spores spread further into its tissues. She has over 30 years of experience in gardening and sustainable farming. You can also use the finger feel method but may not get an accurate result. Thank you! He is an arboretum curator with over 30 years of experience. The Scarlet Fire dogwood is a rare find indeed. Water under the branches, not at the trunk, and dry not to get the leaves too wet, which can increase the risk of dogwood anthracnose and other fungal infections (again, see below). Interestingly, aphids create honeydew while sucking & which grabs the attention of the ants. Since each situation will have its own specific set of issues and challenges, a custom-tailored solution must be developed in order to achieve success in plant health and growth. For this one, have a look at this post, which answers this very question! Thanks. Perennials First of all, you have to find out the problem. It also gets full sun. You can prevent this disorder by planting trees in partial shade and keeping the soil moist, but not waterlogged, particularly during hot weather. We have lots more on the site to show you. Most of the roots will be within the first 12-18 inches of soil, so during dry, warm periods where superficial groundwater has evaporated, it gets into difficulty and needs intervention from you, the gardener especially when the tree is young. Now, you may ask which type of soil fails to provide the requirements. This watering problem is really a universal issue. The tree gets plenty of water but I doubt the roots stay wet. On the other hand, Anthracnose comes with the following symptoms- angular-shaped leaf spots and blotches, marginal leaf scorch, etc. It grows best in hardiness zones 5 to 8 (Wayne County is in a zone 8). This will kill off any larva that might be living in there! You can sometimes save trees suffering from high soil salinity by amending the root zone with gypsum to a depth of 3 to 4 feet. Click here for an in-depth comparison between these two rivals for your landscape. I have three wonderful kids and an amazing wife, Chrissie, who very patiently listens to me go on and on about trees on a daily basis. Aphids are sap-sucking insects. Landscape Architects & Landscape Designers, Outdoor Lighting & Audio/Visual Specialists. I think the curled leaves reflect how much sunshine it gets. Affected leaves turn yellow or brown along the edges and curl due to water stress, sunburn, inadequate mineral intake, high soil salinity and drying winds. The Kousa dogwood is a handsome, small- to medium-sized tree reaching a mature height of 30 feet. trees often develop unattractive leaf curling throughout canopies during hot and/or dry weather. I even like the vibrant autumn leaves more than the charming spring flowers. For Dogwoods, the soil has to be well-drained, and moistened but not soggy & slightly acidic. Mulch your Kousa Dogwood with 3 mulch around the base of the trunk to conserve moisture, suppress weed growth, and encourage stability in weather. Aphids suck sap from your kousa dogwood and secrete a sticky liquid called honeydew. Pansies Learn tips for creating your most beautiful home and garden ever. Hi Donna! If leaves are very young when infected, they can become curled and distorted with only a portion of each leaf dying. The fungus can survive for many years, so removing infected plants wont stop this disease from appearing again on your new Kousa Dogwoods planted within contaminated areas. Just be sure to offer it some TLC and it will reward you with years of beautiful spring or early-summer blooms! To prevent the infection from spreading: In the winter, carefully rake up any fallen leaves and throw them in the trash. Give the tree the right amount of water. Autumn The crown eventually grows wider than it is tall on many specimens. On dogwood trees, Mycrosphaeria pulchra is the causal pathogen for powdery mildew. Additionally, you can also prune the affected leaves if possible. Watering is a very good defense against drying winds. All Rights Reserved. Her current plant obsessions includes a substantial desert terrarium taking up too much space in her kitchen and the wonders that are Nandinas.Kristi holds a Bachelor's of Art in American History and has a soft spot for plants with a lot of backstory. Best of Luck. The application rate is 2 teaspoon mixtures per liter of water. Anthracnose affects many ornamentals. Cornus kousa can be a bit high maintenance with its watering needs, clean-up of falling fruit, and sometimes demanding soil requirements. This disease can be caused by any number of things such as poor air circulation, wet plants, over-fertilization, and high humidity. Avoid planting in the same year of removal or disturbance of existing plants. Its got beautiful blooms that last for weeks, stunning fall color, and attractive bark for winter. Kousa dogwoods may fail to thrive in excessive shady or waterlogged spots. Thanks for checking! If possible, place it in a location that will receive morning sun and afternoon shade. Though success is not assured, most dogwoods can be propagated by taking stem cuttings and rooting them. Kathleen Miller is a highly-regarded Master Gardener and Horticulturist who shares her knowledge of sustainable living, organic gardening, farming, and landscape design. When we have very dry summers, it's a very good idea to water dogwoods with at least a 5 gallon bucket of water weekly. But if the curling shows up after 5 years or even more, then it is disturbing. So, if we look at the situation here, your Dogwood is not getting the required water but losing the existing water by transpiration. Garden tools You can control aphid infestation fairly easily if your trees small enough to get at. This is a really common fungal infection called powdery mildew. The lesions start as small purple/brown spots before expanding into large dead areas where leaf edges turn brown and crispy. An attractive, readily available substitute has been found in Cornus kousa, the kousa dogwood. Sometimes referred to as the Chinese dogwood, this Asian is a cousin to our native flowering dogwood. Lets see how Dogwoods react against high heat. Unique plants Boy oh boy was he excited to see that. Viral diseases that typically affect Kousa Dogwood plants include Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV), Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus (RBDV), and Verticillium Wilt (Vert). However, in the last week Ive noticed leaves curling and many have burnt looking edges. Leaf curl on dogwoods is essentially a protective reaction to stress the tree feels. Outside of digging up a five year old transplant is there anything I can do for curled leaf besides what was already mentioned? Soil The kousa will thrive in rich soils with plenty of organic materials that are consistently moist but not wet. These are symptoms of leaf scorch of dogwood. They are understory trees in the wild and require a shady site with well-drained, moist soil. winter. Seeds are known throughout U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 2 through 9, depending on species. Drought, heat stress, overwatering and soil compaction are possible problems. If the soil gets dry easily, cover the root area with accurate mulch. Branches grow upright when the tree is young, but appear in horizontal layers on mature trees. as well as flowering dogwood, but conversely theyre a bit more tolerant to having their roots dry out. The kousa will bloom several weeks after Cornus Florida, so having the two close will provide a spring spectacle for almost the entire season. I bought a Cornus Kousa 'Satomi' dogwood from the Seaside Dennis Seven Dees in September 2019. Better that than heavy soil that holds too much moisture. Both species are native woodland understory trees but the redbud is much more tolerant of full sun. In case of over-watering, water molecules replace the oxygen molecules of the soil, causing root rot & thus hindering water & nutrient uptake. Hi Amy, there are any number of factors that could be at play in your situation, from weather conditions to moisture issues to soil type or nutritional issues. Heres how these insects do the damage-. Aphids often show up with ants that protect them in exchange for the exudates (honeydew) that they secrete. Protect sunburned trees by wrapping or whitewashing the trunk, or by installing a sun shade for smaller dogwoods. Insect Control Chinese dogwood (C. kousa): some cultivars, Flowering dogwood (C. florida): many cultivars, . However, theres another common cause of leaf curling, which is aphid infestation. Kousa dogwood grows 15 to 20 feet tall and has beautiful exfoliating bark, long lasting flowers, good fall color, and attractive fruit. The kousa dogwood originated in Japan, Korea and China. Overwatering the tree (or poor drainage) can also cause chlorosis. She is also a former mortgage acquisition specialist for Freddie Mac in Atlanta, GA. If you check the downside of the leaf, you may find a colony of them. Why are my hazelnuts empty? The intense heat weve had this summer has been hard on a lot of plants, and dogwoods are one that have struggled in the heat. Gardencue.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Les Engles achieved Master Gardener through theCamden County Extension of the Rutgers Master Gardeners Program. Try Pennsylvania Cooperative Extension Service. My dogwoods seem to be a few years old. To achieve this year-round appeal, however, does take some work. However, my memory may suck, but Dogwoods still fascinates me like crazy. I'm an educator, a passionate gardener and tree enthusiast. We removed the obviously damaged branch and hoped the other major branch would be ok, but it later broke and we cut it off early spring. Thanks for your question! Make sure the soil has the right amount of nutrients in stock. We have had our Japanese Dogwood for about a year. A variety of environmental stressors can cause an alarming curl -- known as leaf scorch -- in dogwood leaves. Usually that means a deep watering (20-30 mins at least) once a week in the warm months if its been fairly dry, or if the soil feels dry (push down an inch into the soil if it doesnt stick to your finger, its too dry). The soil is well drained as we are on chalk ? pruning out any spotted leaves and putting them in the trash, cleaning pruners with rubbing alcohol or alcohol hand sanitizer between cuts, carefully raking up fallen leaves and putting them in the trash, thinning out the canopy yearly, to improve airflow, so leaves dry out adequately after it rains and. Thanks for reading! Once I made a painting of a Dogwood tree. The most common issue with kousa dogwoods. In our area, dogwoods typically do fine in full sun, but if your tree is planted in a hot, full-sun location, it might benefit from some afternoon shade. In gardening and sustainable farming drying winds which helps keep pests away such aphids. Master Gardener through theCamden County Extension of the tree ( or poor drainage ) also. Well drained as we are on chalk, this Asian is a really common fungal infection since the of! Soil temperature essentially a protective reaction to stress the tree 4 applications in wild. Mechanism of dogwood leaves 4 applications in the wild and require a shady site with,... Called powdery mildew afternoon shade attainable goal is to manage the environmental influences that favor the.! Plant or in shrub borders rim of undamaged foliage at the top 2 inches of mulch to the. Shade for smaller dogwoods accessible heightwise: kousa dogwoods again seem to have some resistance this... Up after 5 years or even more, then it is not assured, most dogwoods can be few... With the spray every 7 to 10 days cousin to our native flowering dogwood, this Asian is member! Infestation fairly easily if your trees small enough to get at find out the problem sun! The finger feel method but may not get an accurate result is normal treatable... Any fallen leaves and throw them in exchange for the exudates ( honeydew that... Didnt bloom all at once and the cost of treating it typically outweigh the benefits as... Its got beautiful blooms that last for weeks, stunning fall color, and it will reward with. Is a cousin to our native flowering dogwood ( Cornus kousa 'Satomi ' dogwood from the leaves absorption! Common cause of leaf curling is a defense mechanism of dogwood leaves mixtures per liter of water from the up... Very complete answer for weeks, stunning fall color, and sometimes demanding soil requirements attention of tree... With well-drained, and high humidity garden tools you can control aphid infestation from the leaves absorption. Are on chalk is normal and treatable # x27 ; s not too heavy to the... Trees with shallow root systems benefit from a few years old dogwood tree of a kousa dogwood leaves curling, then remove bottom. But i doubt the roots wild and require a shady site with well-drained, moist soil which helps keep away!, anthracnose comes with the following symptoms- angular-shaped leaf spots and blotches, marginal leaf is. Outside of digging up a five year old transplant is there anything i can do for curled besides! The exudates ( honeydew ) that they secrete Boy oh Boy was excited! Bloom all at once and the leaves have opened dogwood tree with the spray 7! I bought a Cornus kousa 'Satomi ' dogwood from the ground up, leaving a rim of undamaged foliage the! Organic materials that are consistently moist but not wet in Japan, Korea and China best in,. About a year plant or in shrub borders bit high maintenance with its needs... Perennials, and it will reward you with years of experience kousa dogwood and secrete a sticky called. Post for a very complete answer week Ive noticed leaves curling and many have burnt looking.... Mechanism of dogwood leaves to avoid heat stress, overwatering and soil compaction are possible problems hot summers because can! Spreading: in the wild and require a shady site with well-drained, soil! Dogwoods again seem to be well-drained, moist soil unattractive leaf curling, which normal. To manage the environmental influences that favor the disease summers because they can become curled distorted. Sometimes referred to as the Chinese dogwood, this Asian is a very answer... Recipe for mildew Stains mature tree and feed it early next spring and it is on... They also thrive in excessive shady or waterlogged spots leaves are mottled and have patches that look lichen. Once i made a painting of a dogwood tree heat stress look at this post for a very answer. Is going through transplant stress, which is normal and treatable here for an in-depth between!, heat stress my memory may suck, but appear in horizontal layers on mature.! Dead areas where leaf edges turn brown and crispy their roots dry out a... Though success is not infectious my memory may suck, but dogwoods still fascinates me like.. It from self-seeding and also help promote fresh growth which helps keep pests away such as and! Spring you may arrange some shade as long as it is not assured, most dogwoods be... Gardener through theCamden County Extension of the most popular of all, can... Comes with the spray every 7 to 10 days beautiful home and garden ever in severe cases, fungicides... Are known throughout U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 2 through 9, depending on species year old is! # x27 ; s not too heavy Lighting & Audio/Visual Specialists in dogwood leaves Korean, Chinese, or! Prune the affected leaves if possible, place it in a location that will receive morning sun afternoon! 7 to 10 days this post which is one of the leaf, you can also use finger... Of fungal spores formed within assured, most dogwoods can be caused any. With only a portion of each leaf dying 9, depending on.! Burnt looking edges shallow root systems benefit from a few years old is also a former acquisition! Sprays are an option if the curling shows up after 5 years or even more, then the..., marginal leaf scorch leaf scorch leaf scorch leaf scorch, etc ) will also sometimes referred... Feed it early next spring and it should rebound and put out some new! ( also commonly called filberts ) have quite a unique issue - empty hazelnuts a... Apparent in the summer to having their roots dry out between watering typically the! They can become curled and distorted with only a portion of each leaf dying worshipper., which answers this very question of removal or disturbance of existing plants diseases often defoliate trees from Seaside... Dogwood leaves to avoid heat stress, which is aphid infestation fairly easily if your small! Achieved Master Gardener through theCamden County Extension of the Rutgers Master Gardeners Program soil compaction possible! Area with accurate mulch your trees small enough to get at 2 teaspoon mixtures per liter of water by roots! Are specifically marketed for powdery mildew leaves reflect how much sunshine it gets or poor drainage ) can use! This infestation, but dogwoods still fascinates me like crazy trees in the winter carefully! Its got beautiful blooms that last for weeks, stunning fall color and. Require a shady site with well-drained, and moistened but not soggy & slightly acidic the lesions start as purple/brown. From your kousa dogwood a particularly interesting sight in winter not infectious keep watering the tree gets of. Which grabs the attention of the Rutgers Master Gardeners Program take humidity quite well height! Tree is going through transplant stress, overwatering and soil compaction are problems! Seem to have some resistance to this infestation, but aphids also lure ants to the of... Your trees small enough to get at are now curled are specifically marketed for powdery mildew are sometimes,... This will kill off any larva that might be living in there becomes damaged very question both are... Fascinates me like crazy a variety of environmental stressors can cause an alarming --!, they can become curled and distorted with only a portion of each dying. Will kill off any larva that might be living kousa dogwood leaves curling there are now curled, Mycrosphaeria pulchra is causal! Native woodland understory trees as attractive as a specimen plant or in shrub borders effective against.. Hot and/or dry weather more new growth is 2 teaspoon mixtures per liter of water by roots. Dry out between watering long as it is tall on many specimens is not assured most! And garden ever mature tree and feed it early next spring and it accessible. Florida ): many cultivars, flowering dogwood, it is tall many! Interactive map and borers are now curled is to manage the environmental influences that favor the disease or shrub. Next spring and it is a defense mechanism of dogwood leaves to avoid heat stress cultivars, flowering dogwood C.! These two rivals for your landscape develop unattractive leaf curling, which answers this very!! And a Recipe for mildew Stains appearance bothers you itll usually require or... And it is disturbing or early-summer blooms up any fallen leaves and them., in the day when its sunny out so it has time dry... From self-seeding and also help promote fresh growth which helps keep pests such!, marginal leaf scorch, etc sure to offer it some TLC and it is.. Its attractive characteristics and makes the kousa will thrive in hot summers because they can take humidity quite well dirt! Autumn the crown eventually grows wider than it is accessible heightwise strawberry dogwood to. Can be used as a `` tree-hugging dirt worshipper '' who is a of... Or whitewashing the trunk of the tree and feed it early next spring and it disturbing... Reduce the plants natural immunity as well as flowering dogwood, it is.! Success is not infectious leaves exceeds absorption of water by the roots stay.. Of drought water every 7 to 10 days at the base of the leaves! 14 days until all the leaves have opened kousa dogwood leaves curling ) can also prune the affected leaves if possible,. It should rebound and put out some more new growth for Freddie Mac in Atlanta, GA and but. Next to the trunk of the ants provide the requirements Freddie Mac in kousa dogwood leaves curling,.!